Protective Effect of Whey Protein Supplement Against Rotenone Induced Motor Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Parkinson Disease.

Background: We aimed to investigate the effects of whey protein (WP) supplements in a rat model of rotenone-induced locomotor and biochemical features of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Materials And Methods: Male Wistar rats were used. Daily injections of rotenone (2 mg/kg; i.

MicroRNA-124-3p targets Sp1 transcription factor to regulate glioma progression in rats.

Gliomas are the most prevalent malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS). Downregulation of microRNA‑124 (miR‑124) has been identified in glioma; however, its biological functions in glioma are not yet fully understood. Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is a type of transcription factor that is involved in cancer progression.

Effects of Carvacrol on Cognitive Function and Apoptotic Gene Expression in Trimethyltin- Induced Hippocampal Injury in Rats.

Objective: Trimethyltin (TMT) chloride is an organotin compound used in industry. It has been linked to generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory processes, and neuronal death. Carvacrol is a monoterpene phenol found in the plant family, modulating inflammatory conditions and necroptosis in neural tissue.

Targeting memory loss with aspirin, a molecular mechanism perspective for future therapeutic approaches.

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), also known as aspirin, was discovered in 1897 as an acetylated form of salicylate. It has been widely used for its anti-inflammatory and antiplatelet effects. It is commonly used for its cardiovascular benefits and is prescribed as secondary prophylaxis after a heart attack.

Coenzyme Q10 Modulates Apoptotic Effects of Chronic Administration of Methadone on NMRI Mouse Hippocampus.

Objective: Methadone is one of the widely used drug substances prescribed in treatment of opioid dependence and pain management; however, several studies have shown its neurotoxic effects on individuals and animal models. The purpose of this study was to assess neuroprotective effects of Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on neurotoxicity induced by methadone in hippocampus of adult NMRI male mice.

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, 48 adult NMRI male mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=12 in each) including Methadone, Methadone with sesame oil, Methadone with CoQ10 and saline.

Anticonvulsive and anti-epileptogenesis effects of root extract, an involvement of CB2 receptor.

Objectives: Phytocannabinoids beyond the Δ9-tetrahy-drocannabinol have shown anticonvulsive effects. Also, alkylamides from have been proved as cannabinomimetics. We examined the effect of the hydroalcoholic root extract of on pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced tonic-clonic seizures and kindling model of epileptogenesis and the involvement of CB2 receptors as the mediator of this effect.

Intergenerational effects of pre-pregnancy chronic lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis on the learning, memory and seizure susceptibility of offspring.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pre-pregnancy chronic exposure to Porphyromonas gingivalis LPS (Pg LPS) on the learning, memory, and seizure susceptibility of the offspring.

Design: To achieve periodontitis, Pg LPS (5 μg/kg) was injected into the gingival of five female rats every 48 h for three weeks. Five control female rats received saline (0.

Effects of aqueous extract of on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and hippocampus mRNA level of iNOS in rats.

Objective: We examined the effectiveness of (hyssop) aqueous extract on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute seizures and the hippocampus (inducible nitric oxide synthases) gene expression as a potential mediator of the effects.

Materials And Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were used. Tonic-clonic seizures were induced by intraperitoneal (i.

A comparative study of the antidiabetic effect of two training protocols in streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic rats.

Background Physical inactivity is the major risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2D). The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of resistance training and endurance training on diabetic-related metabolic parameters in diabetic rats. Materials and methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups of six rats each: control group (C), diabetic group (D), resistance training group (RES) and endurance training group (END).

Investigating the effects of endurance, resistance and combined training on reproductive hormones and sperm parameters of streptozotocin-nicotinamide diabetic male rats.

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus type 2 with damaging effects on reproductive hormones and sperm quality parameters can often cause infertility in men. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of endurance, resistance and concurrent training on reproductive hormones, sperm parameter in the diabetic type 2 male rats.

Methods: In this experimental study 60 Wistar rats (200 ± 50 g) were randomly assigned into 5 groups: control; diabetic; diabetic endurance training; diabetic resistance training and diabetic concurrent training.

Mild foot electrical stimulation is comparable with phenytoin in inhibiting pentylenetetrazol-induced kindling in rats.

Increasing evidence demonstrates that electric stimulation has anticonvulsant effects. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of mild foot electrical stimulation (MFES) on the development of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) kindling and compare its effectiveness with the more commonly used treatment, phenytoin. Kindling was induced in rats by repeated injections (every 24 h) of PTZ (37.

Carvacrol mitigates proconvulsive effects of lipopolysaccharide, possibly through the hippocampal cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition.

Systemic injection of LPS changes neuronal excitability and increase susceptibility for convulsions. Carvacrol exerts neuroprotective and antiepileptic effects in animal models. Herein, we investigated the anticonvulsive effect of carvacrol on LPS induced seizure severity and possible involvement of the hippocampal COX-1 and -2 activities in this effect.

Sodium valproate ameliorates memory impairment and reduces the elevated levels of apoptotic caspases in the hippocampus of diabetic mice.

Learning and memory deficits appear in chronic diabetes and valproic acid has been proved to be beneficial in neurodegenerative diseases. Hence, the current study investigated the effectiveness of chronic valproate treatment for diabetes-induced memory impairment and increased levels of hippocampal apoptotic caspases. This study was conducted in adult male C57B15/J mice.

Improving effect of mild foot electrical stimulation on pentylenetetrazole-induced impairment of learning and memory.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder that affects learning and memory. Recently it has been shown that mild foot electrical stimulation (MFES) can increase learning and memory in normal rats. Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) kindling is a model of human epilepsy.

Transgenerational consequences of prepregnancy chronic morphine use on spatial learning and hippocampal Mecp2 and Hdac2 expression.

There has recently been increasing interest in the transgenerational effects of opioids. Herein, transgenerational consequences of maternal chronic morphine consumption before gestation were investigated at the behavioral and molecular levels of next two generations. Twelve female Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: pregestation morphine-consuming and control mothers.

Anticonvulsive effects of endocannabinoids; an investigation to determine the role of regulatory components of endocannabinoid metabolism in the Pentylenetetrazol induced tonic- clonic seizures.

2-Arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide are two major endocannabinoids produced, released and eliminated by metabolic pathways. Anticonvulsive effect of 2-AG and CB1 receptor is well-established. Herein, we designed to investigate the anticonvulsive influence of key components of the 2-AG and anandamide metabolism.

Analgesic tolerance induced by repeated morphine injections induces cross-tolerance to the analgesic effect of orexin-A in rats.

Repeated administration of morphine or orexin-A produces tolerance to their antinociceptive effects. We investigated the possible incidence of cross-tolerance between orexin-A and morphine. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (200-250 g) were used.

Transgenerational modification of hippocampus TNF-α and S100B levels in the offspring of rats chronically exposed to morphine during adolescence.

Background: TNF-α and S100B are important signaling factors that are involved in many aberrant conditions of the brain. Chronic morphine exposure causes aberrant modifications in the brain.

Objectives: We examined the consequences of chronic morphine consumption by parents before mating on hippocampus TNF-α and S100B levels in the parents and their offspring.

Prediction of seizure incidence probability in PTZ model of kindling through spatial learning ability in male and female rats.

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease characterized by periodic seizures. Cognitive deficits and impairments in learning and memory are also associated with epilepsy. Neuronal changes and synaptic modifications in kindling model of epilepsy are similar to those occur during the learning procedure and memory formation.

Repeated injections of orexin-A developed behavioral tolerance to its analgesic effects in rats.

Objectives: Reduction of pharmacological effectiveness or tolerance appears following repeated administration of many analgesic drugs. We investigated tolerance to anti-nociceptive effects of orexin-A, an endogenous potent analgesic peptide using the hot-plate test.

Materials And Methods: Orexin-A was microinjected ICV (intracerebroventricular) with an interval of 12 hr for 7 continuous days and its anti-nociceptive responses were measured on days 1, 4 and 7 using the hot-plate test following the first day of administration.

Repetitive systemic morphine alters activity-dependent plasticity of Schaffer-collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses: involvement of adenosine A1 receptors and adenosine deaminase.

The effectiveness of O-pulse stimulation (TPS) for the reversal of O-pattern primed bursts (PB)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) were examined at the Schaffer-collateral-CA1 pyramidal cell synapses of hippocampal slices derived from rats chronically treated with morphine (M-T). The results showed that slices derived from both control and M-T rats had normal field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP)-LTP, whereas PS-LTP in slices from M-T rats was significantly greater than that from control slices. When morphine was applied in vitro to slices derived from rats chronically treated with morphine, the augmentation of PS-LTP was not seen.

The chronic treatment in vivo of salicylate or morphine alters excitatory effects of subsequent salicylate or morphine tests in vitro in hippocampus area CA1.

The current practical tests were designed to study in vitro interactions in the field potential between salicylate and morphine analgesics in the hippocampus area CA1 taken from morphine-(7 days) or salicylate (6 days)-treated rats. For this, morphine or salicylate was applied in vitro to the hippocampal slices derived from chronically drug-treated or saline-injected rats and drug-induced changes in evoked field potentials of area CA1 were evaluated. Chronic treatment in vivo of morphine or salicylate had no impact on baseline field EPSP and population spikes (PS) but a leftward shift in fEPSP/PS (E/S) curves and an increase in paired pulse ratio at 10 ms IPI were seen.

Morphine deteriorates spatial memory in sodium salicylate treated rats.

Tolerance and cross-tolerance for the effects of morphine (M) and sodium salicylate on nociception and learning were examined. The anti-nociceptive effects were measured by using the classic tail flick (TF) and hot plate (HP) tests and learning was measured with the Morris water maze (MWM). Tolerance or cross-tolerance was induced by daily injection (i.

Intra-hippocampal injection of lipopolysaccharide inhibits kindled seizures and retards kindling rate in adult rats.

Neuroinflammation facilitates seizure acquisition and epileptogenesis in developing brain. Yet, the studies on impact of neuroinflammation on mature brain epileptogenesis have led to inconsistent results. Hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to damage caused by ischemia, hypoxia and trauma, and the consequent neuroinflammation, which can lead in turn to epilepsy.

Serine/threonine protein phosphatases have no role in the inhibitory effects of low-frequency stimulation in perforant path kindling acquisition in rats.

The use of low-frequency stimulation (LFS) as a therapy for epilepsy is currently being studied in experimental animals and patients with epilepsy. In the present study, the role of serine/threonine protein phosphatases in the inhibitory effects of LFS on perforant path kindling acquisition was investigated in rats. Animals were kindled by stimulation of perforant path in a stimulation using rapid kindling procedure (six stimulations per day).