Effects of freeze-thaw cycles on methanogenic hydrocarbon degradation: Experiment and modeling.

Cold regions are warming much faster than the global average, resulting in more frequent and intense freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs) in soils. In hydrocarbon-contaminated soils, FTCs modify the biogeochemical and physical processes controlling petroleum hydrocarbon (PHC) biodegradation and the associated generation of methane (CH) and carbon dioxide (CO). Thus, understanding the effects of FTCs on the biodegradation of PHCs is critical for environmental risk assessment and the design of remediation strategies for contaminated soils in cold regions.

Dissolution and remobilization of NAPL in surfactant-enhanced aquifer remediation from microscopic scale simulations.

In this paper, the dissolution and mobilization of non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) blobs in the Surfactant-Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR) process were upscaled using dynamic pore network modeling (PNM) of three-dimensional and unstructured networks. We considered corner flow and micro-flow mechanisms including snap-off and piston-like movement for two-phase flow. Moreover, NAPL entrapment and remobilization were evaluated using force analysis to develop the capillary desaturation curve (CDC) and predict the onset of remobilization.

Remediation of trapped DNAPL enhanced by SDS surfactant and silica nanoparticles in heterogeneous porous media: experimental data and empirical models.

The remediation of nonaqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) enhanced by surfactant and nanoparticles (NP) has been investigated in numerous studies. However, the role of NP-assisted surfactants in the dissolution process is still not well discussed. Besides, there is a lack of empirical dissolution models considering the effects of initial residual saturation S, NAPL distribution, and surfactant concentration in NAPL-aqueous phase systems.

Experimentally based pore network modeling of NAPL dissolution process in heterogeneous porous media.

Practical designs of non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) remediation strategies require reliable modeling of interphase mass transfer to predict the retraction of NAPL during processes such as dissolution. In this work, the dissolution process of NAPL during two-phase flow in heterogeneous porous media is studied using pore-network modeling and micromodel experiments. A new physical-experimental approach is proposed to enhance the prediction of the dissolution process during modeling of interphase mass transfer.

Developmental potential of isolated blastomeres from early mouse embryos in the presence and absence of LIF and GM-CSF.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the developmental potential of isolated blastomeres in the presence and absence of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF).

Methods: The blastomeres of two (1/2) and eight cells (1/8) embryos were isolated and cultured in T6 medium in the presence and absence of LIF (1,000 IU/ml) and or GM-CSF (2 ng/ml) up to 120 h. The diameter and cell number of blastocysts were measured.