Tracking of Infectious Diseases in Shahr-i Sokhta (Burnt City) during the Bronze Age (ca. 3200-2200 BCE) through Anemic Signs Observed in Excavated Human Skeletons.

Background: The intriguing area of paleopathology merges the disciplines of archeology and biological studies. Using this line of research, it is possible to identify diseases that have left skeletal traces in the past. In addition, diseases such as various anemia that occur in childhood, when bone tissue is soft and retains evidence, can be identified in ancient bones.

Induction of Artesunate Resistance in 3D7 Strain Using Intermittent Exposure Method and Comparing Sequence between Susceptible and Resistant Strains.

Background: Resistance to artemisinin has threatened major achievements in malaria control, more investigations is needed about resistant strains and related genes. We aimed to induce resistance to artesunate in the 3D7 strain using intermittent exposure method and comparing gene sequence between susceptible and resistance strains.

Methods: 3D7 strain was cultured according to Trager & Jensen method with some modifications.

Phytochemical Composition and Bioassay on Iranian Extracts against (Diptera: Culicidae).

Background: is an important malaria vector mosquito in Iran and other western Asian countries. In many human communities, plant products have been used traditionally instead of synthetic pesticides for mosquito control due to their minimal hazardous effects. , known popularly as felty germander, has been introduced in Persian Medicine (PM) as an insect repellent from a long time ago.

Potential of Antisense on Proliferation Abatement.

Background: Infections by , are becoming increasingly difficult to treat. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel antimalarial agents' discovery against infection. In present study, we described a 2'-O-Methyl gapmer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide antisense targeting translation initiation region of 3D7 strain gene.

Detection of Malaria Parasites and Other Haemosporidia in Migratory and Native Birds in Mazandaran and Golestan Provinces, Iran.

Background: A variety of haemoprotozoa including , and cause infections in birds and are transmitted by some known vectors. These parasites cause anemia, low appetite, weakness and ultimately death in birds. The present study was aimed to determine these parasites, in birds of Mazandaran and Golestan provinces in Iran.

Cytotoxicity and Anti- Activity of Emodin Loaded Nanoemulsion.

Background: Malaria parasites cause a tremendous burden of disease in both the tropics and subtropics areas. Growing of drugs resistance in parasites is one of the most threats to malaria control. The aim of study was to investigate the anti-malarial activity of nano-emodin isolated from on in mice to evaluate parasites inhibition rate using test.

Effect of Ramadan fasting on salivary IgA, serum IgA, IL-17, and IL-22 levels.

nutritional factors might affect the number and function of immune cells for instance the production of cytokines and immunoglobulins. Ramadan fasting is intermittent abstinence from eating and drinking for almost four weeks. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of intermittent fasting on serum IgA, salivary IgA (sIgA), interleukin (IL)-17, and IL-22 levels.

Development and optimizing a simple and cost-effective medium for in vitro culture of Plasmodium berghei-ANKA strain with conserving its infectivity in BALB/c mice.

Objectives: The current culture system for P. berghei still requires modifications in consistency and long-term maintenance of parasites considering their pathogenicity in culture media. Therefore, this study designed to further improvement of culture conditions and designing a cost-effective culture medium with minimum changes in pathogenicity for in vitro culture of P.

Serological responses to a soluble recombinant circumsporozoite protein-VK210 of Plasmodium vivax (rPvCSP-VK210) among Iranian malaria patients.

Background: Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has a central immune domain that includes short regions of repeating amino acid sequences. This immunodynamic region is an epitope of B cells that can elicit an immune response in human and laboratory animals. The aim of the present study was to express the recombinant PvCSP-VK210 antigen and evaluate it for assaying antibodies obtained during human P.

Interaction between Chitosan and Chloroquine against and Using In-Vivo and In-Vitro Tests.

Background: The use of antimalarial drugs with number of compounds in combination form may potentiate each other's activity.

Methods: This study was conducted in the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2018. It was based on two methods including in vivo and in vitro tests with aim of considering interaction between chitosan and chloroquine against and parasites using different ratios of the agents with ED50 and IC50 baselines.

Application of High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Technique towards the Detection of Asymptomatic Malaria in a Malaria Endemic Area of Southeastern Iran under Elimination Program.

Background: Asymptomatic malaria, which usually exists in low parasitemia, acts as the Plasmodium species reservoirs contributing towards malaria transmission. This situation hinders malaria elimination programs in endemic areas, thus necessitating an active case detection with a high sensitive method and treatment of cases. This is why we used a High Resolution Melting (HRM) assay to monitor the trend of asymptomatic malaria in a malaria endemic area of Iran which is under elimination program.

Situation of Asymptomatic Malaria among Iranian Native and Afghan and Pakistani Immigrants in a Malarious Area under the National Malaria Elimination Program of Iran.

Background: This study was designed to detect, if there are asymptomatic malaria infections amongst native and immigrant population from Afghanistan and Pakistan countries in Sistan & Baluchistan Province of Iran, where is under the national malaria elimination program.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed among native individuals and resident immigrants in the southeastern province of Sistan & Baluchistan from May 2016 to Jul 2017. A total of 271 individuals were considered in this cross-sectional study based on microscopical method, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) and PCR techniques.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of asymptomatic malaria infection in pregnant women in Sub-Saharan Africa: A challenge for malaria elimination efforts.

Background: In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where malaria transmission is stable, malaria infection in pregnancy adversely affects pregnant women, fetuses, and newborns and is often asymptomatic. So far, a plethora of primary studies have been carried out on asymptomatic malaria infection in pregnant women in SSA. Nevertheless, no meta-analysis estimated the burden of asymptomatic malaria infection in pregnant women in SSA, so this meta-analysis was carried out to bridge this gap.

High-Resolution Melting Analysis in Comparison with Microscopic Method: An Experimental Study to Diagnosis of Species Infections in Human.

Background: Among the human parasitic diseases, malaria is the main cause of morbidity and mortality. To prevent the high mortality and tracking malaria elimination efforts, a prompt and sensitive diagnosis is essential. This study aimed to compare High-Resolution Melting (HRM) and microscopic methods to diagnose and .

Genotyping and Phylogenetic Analysis of Circumsporozoite Protein () Gene of Clinical Isolates in South-Eastern Iran.

Background: Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is one of the most important surface sporozoite antigens in malaria, recently considered as a candidate for vaccination. Considering the importance of CSP, this study was conducted to investigate the polymorphism and genetic diversity of Circumsporozoite Protein () in the southeastern region of Iran during 2015-2016.

Methods: To investigate polymorphism and genetic diversity, 20 blood samples were collected from patients with , then DNA was extracted and amplified using partial sequence of CSP gene.

Identification of Alleles in the MSP1 Gene Related to Complicated Malaria in Patients Infected with in Southeast of Iran.

Background: To overcome human malaria problem several solutions have been employed including extensive studies in the field of Plasmodia relevant antigens. The aim of this study was to determine allelic variation in the MSP1 gene of among some malaria-infected patients in Southeastern Iran.

Methods: Twenty positive cases were enrolled from Sistan and Baluchistan Province, southeastern Iran in 2013-15.

and in Rodents from Northwestern Iran: Rare Infections.

Background: Rodents perform a crucial role in dispersal of zoonosis causes globally. We aimed to investigation about infection levels of parasitic agents in rodents' population in Meshkinshahr areas, northwest of Iran from Apr to Sep 2014.

Methods: Two hundred four rodents were trapped and anaesthetized.

Experimental Study on Plasmodium berghei, Anopheles Stephensi, and BALB/c Mouse System: Implications for Malaria Transmission Blocking Assays.

Background: is a rodent malaria parasite and has been very valuable means in the progress of our understanding of the essential molecular and cellular biology of the malaria parasites. Availability of hosts such as mice and vectors such as has made this parasite a suitable system to study the parasite-host and vector-parasite relationships.

Methods: This study was performed at Medical Entomology and Parasitology laboratories of the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran in 2016.

Allelic Variations of Apical Membrane Antigen-1 ( AMA-1) in Malarious Areas of Southeastern Iran Using PCR-RFLP Technique.

Background: Although is usually known as benign malaria, some variations of the parasite can result in acute and sever infection. In this study we tried to determine some genetic variations in AMA-1 antigen among the samples were collected form southeastern Iran.

Methods: About two ml blood samples were collected into EDTA pre-dosed tubes from 30 -infected patients individually between 2011 and 2013.

In Vivo Anti-Malarial Activity of Fruit Extract, in Combination with Chloroquine against Chloroquine-Sensitive Strain of .

Background: We evaluated the anti-malarial activity of individually and in combination with chloroquine.

Methods: This study was conducted at the School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran in 2015-2016. The Peter's method was used for determining fifty percent effective dose (ED50) of the extract and chloroquine individually against chloroquine sensitive in small white mice.

Monitoring the Response of to Chloroquine and Uncomplicated to Artesunate-fansidar Antimalarials in Southeastern Iran.

Background: For many years, malaria was a major life-threatening parasitic infection in Iran. Although malaria elimination program is implementing in the country, still some cases annually are reported from malaria-endemic areas.

Methods: This study was conducted in five malaria endemic districts of Sistan and Baluchistan Province, southeastern Iran, neighboring Afghanistan and Pakistan countries.

Antimalarial and cytotoxic activities of roots and fruits fractions of extract.

Objectives: (Apiaceae) is one of the two species of this genus which grows in different parts of Iran. Roots of this plant were rich in benzodioxoles and used as food additive or salad in Iran and near countries. The aim of present study was evaluation of antimalarial and cytotoxic effects of different fractions of fruits and roots extracts.

Genetic polymorphism of Duffy Binding Protein in malarious areas in southeastern of Iran.

parasite causes the largest number of malaria infection in some malarious areas of the world including Iran. Considering transfer and genetic dynamics of the parasite population in a specific area can help us to predict the spread of the infection either emergence of new cases or drug resistance in the context of elimination program in the malarious areas. Study on the genetic diversity of common alleles in a given geographical area, for vaccine and immune level studies can be important.