Strabismus and Near Point of Convergence and Amblyopia in 4-6 Year-Old Children.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of strabismus and amblyopia, and the distribution of the near point of convergence (NPC), in a population of children aged 4 to 6 years.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, preschoolers in Mashhad were sampled using a random multistage cluster sampling approach. Examinations were done after obtaining parental consent.

Corneal Biomechanical Changes Following Toric Soft Contact Lens Wear.

Purpose: To determine the effect of using toric soft contact lenses on corneal biomechanical properties.

Methods: We enrolled 33 healthy patients with mean age of 23.18 ± 4.

Objective and subjective assessing efficacy of a lubricating drop in eyes wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of a lubricating drop on optical quality, tear film stability, and subjective symptoms in individuals wearing silicone hydrogel contact lens.

Methods: In this one-day, prospective single-center clinical study, Pre-lens Tear Deformation Time (PL-TDT), Root-Mean-Square (RMS) of Low Order Aberrations (LOA) and High Order Aberrations (HOA), individual twelve Zernike coefficients, and subjective symptoms were assessed in 43 volunteers (mean age 19.58 ± 1.

The Prevalence of Exfoliation Syndrome in an Iranian Population Aged 45-69 Years.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and some of its related factors in an Iranian population aged 45-69 years.

Methods: In the first phase of the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study, 5190 people in 300 clusters from Shahroud city in the northeast of Iran participated in the study. The second phase of the study was conducted 5 years later in 2014.

Cataract surgical rate in Fars Province: Distribution and trend from 2006 to 2010.

Purpose: To determine changes in cataract surgical rate (CSR) in Fars Province from 2006 to 2010 and identify the contributions of public and private sectors.

Methods: This descriptive report is part of the Iranian Cataract Surgery Survey. To determine the provincial CSR, weights of major (>3000 annual surgeries) and minor (≤3000) centers were calculated based on the number of centers chosen for each year and multiplied by their numbers of surgeries.

Pentacam top indices for diagnosing subclinical and definite keratoconus.

Purpose: To determine pachymetric, aberrometric, and topometric indices in patients with definite and subclinical keratoconus and the validity of these indices in the diagnosis of keratoconus.

Methods: We evaluated 262 keratoconic and 97 healthy eyes in this study. Pentacam HR examination was performed for all participants, and the data of all pachymetric, aberrometric, and topometric indices was extracted for the study population.

Higher order aberrations in a normal adult population.

Purpose: To determine the distribution of Zernike coefficients and higher order aberrations in a normal population and its relationship with age, gender, biometric components, and spherical equivalent.

Methods: During the first phase of the Shahroud cohort study, 6311 people of the 40-64-year-old population of Shahroud city were selected through random cluster sampling. A subsample of participants was examined with Zywave aberrometer (The Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, NY) to measure aberrations.

Corneal elevation and keratoconus indices in a 40- to 64-year-old population, Shahroud Eye Study.

Purpose: To determine the corneal elevation values and keratoconus indices in the 40- to 64-year-old population and their changes with aging.

Methods: The 6311 invitees of this study were selected through random cluster sampling, and 5190 of them participated in the study (response rate = 82.2%).

A Comparison of the Effects of Transdermal Estradiol and Estradiol Valerate on Endometrial Receptivity in Frozen-thawed Embryo Transfer Cycles: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal endometrial preparation protocol by comparing the clinical outcome of two methods of endometrial preparation in frozen-thawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles, including that is, oral estradiol and 17ß-estradiol transdermal patch.

Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, women underwent either conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) who had at least two top-quality embryos appropriate for cryopreservation and frozen embryos from previous cycles. In the study group (n=45), 17-B estradiol transdermal patches 100 μg were applied from the second day of the cycle and continued every other day.

High Prevalence of Refractive Errors in 7 Year Old Children in Iran.

Background: The latest WHO report indicates that refractive errors are the leading cause of visual impairment throughout the world. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism in 7 yr old children in Iran.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study in 2013 with multistage cluster sampling, first graders were randomly selected from 8 cities in Iran.

Five-year change in refraction and its ocular components in the 40- to 64-year-old population of the Shahroud eye cohort study.

Background: To assess 5-year refractive changes and their related factors in the 40- to 64-year-old population of Shahroud, Iran.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Participants: Of the 5190 participants of Phase I, 4737 participated in Phase II (response rate = 91.

Hyperopia and Lens Power in an Adult Population: The Shahroud Eye Study.

Purpose: To explore the relationship between lens power and refractive error in older adults following age-related hyperopic shifts.

Methods: From the Shahroud Eye Cohort Study, subjects aged 55-64 years without clinically significant cataracts (with nuclear opacity of grade 0 to 1) were included to maximize the proportion of subjects with age-related hyperopic shifts that normally occur between 40 to 60 years of age, before interference from the myopic shift due to nuclear cataracts. Mean axial length (AL) values, corneal power, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and lens power were analyzed and compared among three refractive groups (myopes, emmetropes, and hyperopes).

Complications of Cataract Surgery in Iran: Trend from 2006 to 2010.

Purpose: To determine intraoperative complications of cataract surgery over the period 2006 to 2010.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 106 of 272 cataract surgical centers in Iran were selected through multistage random cluster sampling from all provinces. In each province, the selected number of centers was proportionate to the number of cataract surgeries, and in each center, the selected number of charts was proportionate to the center's number of cataract surgeries, from which we retrieved intraoperative complications.

Intraoperative Complications of Cataract Surgery in Tehran Province, Iran.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence and types of intraoperative complications of cataract surgery and examine potential risk factors.

Methods: Data were obtained from the 2011 Iranian Cataract Surgery Survey in which information about cataract surgeries throughout the nation was collected. In the Province of Tehran, 55 centers and 1 week per season per center were randomly selected for sampling.

Association between Refractive Errors and Ocular Biometry in Iranian Adults.

Purpose: To investigate the association between ocular biometrics such as axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), vitreous chamber depth (VCD) and corneal power (CP) with different refractive errors.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study on the 40 to 64-year-old population of Shahroud, random cluster sampling was performed. Ocular biometrics were measured using the Allegro Biograph (WaveLight AG, Erlangen, Germany) for all participants.

One Year Outcomes of Photorefractive Keratectomy with the Application of Mitomycin-C in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Hyperopia.

Purpose: To evaluate refractive and visual outcomes of photorefractive keratectomy with mitomycin-C. (PRK-MMC) for the treatment of mild to moderate hyperopia.

Materials And Methods: This case series enrolled 21 patients with up to +5.

Cataract Surgical Rate between 2006 and 2010 in Tehran Province.

Background: Considering population aging in Iran and the importance of cataract surgery in the old age, this study was performed to show the cataract surgical rate (CSR) between 2006 and 2010 in Tehran Province.

Methods: Eighteen centers were randomly selected from cataract surgery centers in Tehran. In each center, one week in every season was randomly selected and the number of cataract surgeries in the week was calculated.

The location of incision in cataract surgery and its impact on induced astigmatism.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of the present study is a systematic review of previous studies on choosing the best incision site for the correction of astigmatism in cataract surgery and assessing the amount of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) with each approach.

Recent Findings: Regardless of astigmatism axis, studies show that using an on-axis incision is associated with favorable results for 0.5-1.

The Prevalence of Ptosis and Its Association with Amblyopia and Strabismus in 7-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Iran.

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of ptosis (congenital/acquired) in Iranian children aged 7 years and its relationship with amblyopia and strabismus.

Methods: Eight Iranian cities were selected for this cross-sectional study using multistage randomized cluster sampling. A number of primary schools were randomly selected in each city.

Cycloplegic autorefraction versus subjective refraction: the Tehran Eye Study.

Aim: To compare cycloplegic autorefraction with non-cycloplegic subjective refraction across all age and refractive error groups.

Methods: In a cross-sectional study with random stratified cluster sampling, 160 clusters were chosen from various districts proportionate to the population of each district in Tehran. Following retinoscopy and autorefraction with the 0.

Anterior Chamber Angle and Anterior Chamber Volume in a 40- to 64-Year-Old Population.

Purpose: To determine the distribution of the anterior chamber angle (ACA) and anterior chamber volume (ACV) in an Iranian population of 40- to 64-year-old people using the Pentacam.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, multistage sampling was used to select 300 clusters, including 6,311 individuals from the city of Shahroud. All selected participants underwent examinations in one place.

Comparison of Ocular Aberrations in Two Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Intraocular Lenses.

Objective: To compare differences in higher-order aberrations (HOAs) between two standard spherical monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs), the hydrophobic acrylic Alcon SA60AT (Bausch & Lomb), and hydrophilic acrylic Rayner Superflex (620H) (Rayner).

Methods: In this case series, sixty-eight eyes of 68 patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery were studied. In group 1 (n=39), the hydrophobic Alcon SA60AT IOL, and in group 2 (n=29), the hydrophilic Rayner Superflex (620H) IOL, were implanted.

The Prevalence and Causes of Visaual Impairment and Blindness in a Rural Population in the North of Iran.

Background: Visual impairment is a very important public health problem. In Iran, reports of visual impairment and blindness have been published from the urban population while the prevalence of visual impairment in the rural population has not been reported. The purpose of this study to determine the prevalence and causes of visual impairment, in a rural population in district of based on age and sex.

Correlation of major components of ocular astigmatism in myopic patients.

Purpose: To investigate the correlation of major components of ocular astigmatism in myopic patients in an academic hospital.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 376 eyes of 188 patients who were referred to Farabi Eye Hospital for refractive surgery. Preoperative examinations including refraction and corneal topography were performed for all candidates to measure refractive and corneal astigmatism.

Past History of Ocular Trauma in an Iranian Population-Based Study: Prevalence and its Associated Factors.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of a history of ocular trauma and its association to age, sex, and biometric components.

Materials And Methods: Residents of Shahroud, Iran aged 40-64 years, were sampled through a cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling. Three hundred clusters were randomly selected, and 20 individuals were systematically selected from each cluster.