Principal Component Analysis and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy as Noninvasive Blood Glucose Assay Methods.

In this paper, a new model is presented for estimation of the blood glucose level from the measured near-infrared absorbance. The model has been developed in such a way that the regression coefficients of this linear relation have been approximated by considering only the molar absorptivity of the glucose and the obtained coefficients have been utilized to estimate the blood glucose levels from the measured absorbances. The estimation of the blood glucose concentrations by this blind approach exhibited an acceptable accuracy in comparison to the more accurate principal components regression method.

2D electrical admittance lattice model of biological cellular system for modeling electroporation.

In this work, a new modeling approach is presented to obtain a two-dimensional transport lattice of a biological cellular system for the calculation of the potential distribution throughout the system and investigation of the corresponding membrane electroporation. The presented model has been obtained by a modified bilayer model of the cell membrane. This modified membrane model allows for an effective inclusion of the shape of the cell membrane in the potential calculation.

Stimulation of spinal cord according to recorded theta hippocampal rhythm during rat move on treadmill.

Objectives: Several studies have revealed that after spinal cord injury (SCI), in acute and sub-acute phase the spinal cord neurons below the injury are alive and could stimulate by use of electrical pulses. Spinal cord electrical stimulation could generate movement for paralyzed limbs and is a rehabilitation strategy for paralyzed patients. An innovative idea for controlling spinal cord electrical stimulation onset time is presented in current study.

A new 3D, microfluidic-oriented, multi-functional, and highly stretchable soft wearable sensor.

Increasing demand for wearable devices has resulted in the development of soft sensors; however, an excellent soft sensor for measuring stretch, twist, and pressure simultaneously has not been proposed yet. This paper presents a novel, fully 3D, microfluidic-oriented, gel-based, and highly stretchable resistive soft sensor. The proposed sensor is multi-functional and could be used to measure stretch, twist, and pressure, which is the potential of using a fully 3D structure in the sensor.

A novel, low cost, and accessible method for rapid fabrication of the modifiable microfluidic devices.

As microfluidic chips are evolving to become a significant analysis tool toward POCT devices, it is crucial to make the cost and the time required for the fabrication process of these chips as low as possible. Because of the multidisciplinary nature of these systems and the collaboration of many different laboratories and organizations from vastly various fields with unequal types of equipment, it is essential to develop new techniques and materials to make the integration of disparate systems together more straightforward, accessible, and economical. In this paper, we present ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) as a new polymer-based material for the fabrication of different microfluidic chips, which brings new features and tools in fabrication, integration, and functionality of microfluidic systems.

Combinational therapy of lithium and human neural stem cells in rat spinal cord contusion model.

A large number of treatment approaches have been used for spinal cord injury improvement, a medically incurable disorder, and subsequently stem cell transplantation appears to be a promising strategy. The main objective of this study is to ascertain whether combinational therapy of human neural stem cells (hNSCs) together with lithium chloride improves cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation in a rat spinal contusion model, or not. Contusive spinal cord injury was implemented on Wistar male rats.

Electrical-contact-free readout of the response of superconductive bolometer arrays using thermal cross talk.

We utilized and investigated the unique dependence of the magnitude and phase of the response on thermal cross talk between bolometer pixels in an array to measure the response of the devices through fewer monitoring devices. We show the feasibility of the proposed readout technique by use of two source pixels in an array, as the image-mapping devices, and one optically shielded pixel as the readout device. While the sensing pixels were electrical-contact free, the readout device was current biased in 4-probe current-bias configuration.