Distinctive Expression of MetastamiRs in Breast Cancer Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Solid Tumor.

Background: MSCs are a part of the tumor microenvironment, which secrete cytokines and chemokines. They can affect metastasis and the growth of tumors. metastamiRs are newly recognized regulatory elements of the metastasis pathway which are involved in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT).

Engineered extracellular vesicles expressing ICAM-1: A promising targeted delivery system for T cell modifications.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are natural nano-carriers that possess the required crucial features of an ideal biomolecular delivery system. However, using unmodified EVs may have some limitations such as low accumulation in target sites. Studies have established that engineering EVs against different cell surface markers can overcome most of these hurdles.

Isolation and characterization of a novel GRP78-specific single-chain variable fragment (scFv) using ribosome display method.

Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is a well-characterized endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperon frequently overexpressed at the surface of tumor cells and associated with tumor survival, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Hence, potential GRP78 binders emerge as promising candidates for cancer therapy and diagnosis. We applied ribosome display to isolate a single-chain variable domain (scFv) specific for the C-terminal domain of a recombinant human GRP78 (CGRP).

Radiolabeled HER2-directed exosomes exhibit improved cell targeting and specificity.

Here, we established a reliable strategy for generation and characterization of targeted radiolabeled exosomes for the detection of HER2-positive cells quantitatively. Targeted exosomes (T-exos) were radiolabeled by two different radiotracers, [Tc]Tc-HMPAO or [In]In-oxine. The labeling efficiency and stability were assessed using exosome exclusive spin columns.

Tc-radiolabeled HER2 targeted exosome for tumor imaging.

Exosomes represent unique features including nontoxicity, non-immunogenicity, biodegradability, and targeting ability that make them suitable candidates for clinical applications. Therefore, in this study, Tc-radiolabel HER2 targeted exosomes (Tc-exosomes) were provided for tumor imaging. These exomes are obtained from genetically engineered cells and possessed DARPin G3 as a ligand for HER2 receptors.

Engineered Exosomes for Targeted Transfer of siRNA to HER2 Positive Breast Cancer Cells.

Exosomes are the best options for gene targeting, because of their natural, nontoxic, non-immunogenic, biodegradable, and targetable properties. By engineering exosome-producing cells, ligands can be expressed fusing with exosomal surface proteins for targeting cancer cell receptors. In the present study, HER2-positive breast cancer cells were targeted with a modified exosome producing engineered HEK293T cell.

Inhibition of breast cancer metastasis by co-transfection of miR-31/193b-mimics.

Objectives: Various studies have been conducted to reduce the metastatic behavior of cancerous cells. In this regard, ectopic expression of anti-metastatic microRNAs by miR-mimic and miR-restoration-based therapies could bring new insights to the field. In the present study, the consequences of co-transfecting breast cancer cell lines with miR-193b and miR-31 were investigated via invasion and migration assays.

Gentamicin induces efaA expression and biofilm formation in Enterococcus faecalis.

Enterococci have been ranked among the leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia and urinary tract infection. This study aimed to investigate the effect of ampicillin, vancomycin, gentamicin and ceftizoxime on biofilm formation and gene expression of colonization factors on Enterococcus faecalis. Twelve clinical isolates of E.

Comparison of TGFbR2 down-regulation in expanded HSCs on MBA/DBM scaffolds coated by UCB stromal cells.

Bone marrow transplants (BMTs) are mainly limited by a low number of CD34(+) cells. The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) pathway downregulation is a key factor that increases cell self-renewal. In nature, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are in a microenvironment, surrounded by cells in a three-dimensional (3D) configuration.

Vitrification of mouse preantral follicles versus slow freezing: Morphological and apoptosis evaluation.

The aim of this study was evaluation of survivability, maturation rate and apoptotic gene expression of preantral follicles after vitrification and slow freezing technique. Normal mouse preantral follicles were randomly divided into three experimental groups. In the control group, follicles were cultured immediately; in the vitrification and slow freezing groups, follicles were cultured after vitrification-warming and slow freezing-thawing procedures.

Adhesion and virulence factor properties of Enterococci isolated from clinical samples in Iran.

Introduction: Enterococci rank among leading causes of nosocomial bacteremia, urinary tract infections and community acquired endocarditis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of virulence factors in Enterococci strains isolated from clinical samples in Iranian Educational hospitals.

Methodology: Presence of aggregation substance (asa), extracellular surface protein (esp), Enterococcus faecalis antigen A (efaA), adhesin of collagen from E.

The effect of bone morphogenetic protein 4 on the differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cell to erythroid lineage in serum free and serum supplemented media.

This study was done to compare the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4) on mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) differentiation to erythroid lineage in serum free and serum supplemented media. The embryoid bodies (EBs) cells were seeded in semisolid serum free and serum supplemented media in the presence of different concentrations of BMP-4. The erythroid colonies were assessed morphologically, ultrastructurally and by benzidine staining.

Concentration of a potent calcium oxalate monohydrate crystal growth inhibitor in the urine of normal persons and kidney stone patients by ELISA-based assay system employing monoclonal antibodies.

Standardized calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystal growth assay system was employed to study the ability of various test samples to influence growth rates of COM crystals. The inhibitory activity (IA) of various samples was expressed in terms of inhibitory units. Urine samples obtained from normal persons and kidney stone patients were found to have IA of 3.