Effect of SpikoGen subunit vaccine administration during pregnancy on fetal development of rats.

Purpose: The effects of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination on fertility and pregnancy have turned out to be a main topic of public attention. Inactivated or recombinant protein vaccines are a reliable and safe method but mostly suffer from weak immunogenicity just in case formulated with a suitable adjuvant. The purpose of this research was to assess the impacts of new SpikoGen subunit vaccine administration during pregnancy on organogenesis in the rat fetus, which is a novel achievement in teratogenesis studies.

Chitosan-Aloe Vera Composition Loaded with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Wound Healing: and Evaluations.

Global concerns due to the negative impacts of untreatable wounds, as well as the growing population of these patients, emphasize the critical need for advancements in the wound healing materials and techniques. Nanotechnology offers encouraging avenues for improving wound healing process. In this context, nanoparticles (NPs) and certain natural materials, including chitosan (CS) and aloe vera (AV), have demonstrated the potential to promote healing effects.

Investigating the effect of exposure to monosodium glutamate during pregnancy on development of autism in male rat offspring.

In present study, we investigated the relationship between the pregnancy exposure to monosodium glutamate (MSG) and autism development in male offspring of rats. Pregnant Wistar rats were allocated into five groups. The first group was control group that pregnant animals received normal saline orally from day 1-18 of pregnancy.

Chitosan and its amphiphilic derivative nanoparticles loaded with Minoxidil for induction of hair growth: In vitro and in vivo evaluation.

Minoxidil is widely used for treating Androgenic Alopecia, but its low hydrophilicity promotes the use of co-solvents in commercial formulations, which could then cause skin irritations. Nano-drug delivery systems have been developed to improve the solubility of lipophilic molecules and increase the concentration of drugs in hair follicles, thereby minimizing side effects. Chitosan (CS) and Methylated Aminobenzyl Carboxymethyl Chitosan (MCS) nanoparticles containing Minoxidil were prepared and evaluated for their physicochemical properties, drug release profile, skin permeation, cytotoxicity, and animal hair growth.

Sericin alleviates motor dysfunction by modulating inflammation and TrkB/BDNF signaling pathway in the rotenone-induced Parkinson's disease model.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and movement impairment. Based on theories, neuroinflammatory processes may be vital in the etiology of PD and other neurodegenerative diseases. Reports show that rotenone has neurotoxic, inflammatory, and motor impairment effects in PD.

Paliurus spina-christi Mill fruit extracts improve glucose uptake and activate the insulin signaling pathways in HepG2 insulin-resistant cells.

Background: Paliurus spina-christi Mill. (PSC) fruit is frequently used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus in Mediterranean regions. Here, we investigated the effects of various PSC fruit extracts (PSC-FEs) on glucose consumption and some key mediators of insulin signaling pathways in high glucose and high insulin-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 cells.

Chitosan nanoparticle loaded by epidermal growth factor as a potential protein carrier for wound healing: In vitro and in vivo studies.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) can be efficiently used in wound healing process; but the main obstacle of its clinical use is its susceptibility to proteolysis and maintaining its effective concentration in the site of action. In this study, chitosan nanoparticles containing EGF is formulated using a simple method to increase its stability in physiological pH as well as protect its biological activity and effectiveness in wound healing process. Nanoparticles with different ratios of chitosan/EGF were prepared and evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Cigarette smoke-induced toxicity consequences of intracellular iron dysregulation and ferroptosis.

Despite numerous studies on the mechanisms of cigarette smoking toxicity over the past three decades, some aspects remain obscure. Recent developments have drawn attention to some hopeful indicators that allow us to advance our awareness of cigarette-induced cell death. Ferroptosis is considered a type of governed death of cells distinguished by the iron-dependent lipid hydroperoxide deposition to fatal concentrations.

The role of macrophage polarization and function in environmental toxicant-induced cancers.

Macrophages are a critical member of the innate immune system and can intensify tumor invasiveness and assist the growth of neoplastic cells. Moreover, they have the capability to reinforce immunosuppression and angiogenesis. Various investigations suggest that health-related issues, including inflammatory disorders and neoplastic diseases may be caused by environmental toxicant exposure.

A cAMP analog attenuates beta-amyloid (1-42)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and spatial learning and memory deficits.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder in elderly, is indicated with deposition of Amyloid β (Aβ) in the brain and accompanied with cognitive impairment. Bucladesine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, may ameliorate AD's cognitive dysfunctions through mimicking the action of cAMP and raising its intracellular level. Here, we investigated the effects of bucladesine on Aβ-induced memory and learning impairment in a Morris water maze (MWM) model.

Acetyl-l-carnitine attenuates arsenic-induced liver injury by abrogation of mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis in rats.

Industrial and agricultural developments in recent years have resulted in the excessive discharge of arsenic into the environment, making arsenic toxicity a major worldwide concern. Oxidative stress is considered the primary mechanism for arsenic toxicity. The main objective of this study was to evaluate acetyl-l-carnitine's (ALC) protective ability against the arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity.

Acetyl-L-Carnitine Attenuates Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Hippocampal Mitochondrial Dysfunction.

Augmentation of mitochondrial oxidative stress through activating a series of deadly events has implicated as the main culprit of arsenic toxicity and therapeutic approaches based on improving mitochondrial function hold a great promise for attenuating the arsenic-induced toxicity. Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) through balancing the coenzyme A (CoA)/acyl-CoA ratio plays an important role in mitochondrial metabolism and thereby can help protect hippocampal neurons from oxidative damage. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effect of arsenic interactions on the mitochondrial function in the hippocampus of rats.

Melatonin reverses H-89 induced spatial memory deficit: Involvement of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function.

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play indispensable role in memory and learning impairment. Growing evidences have shed light on anti-oxidative role for melatonin in memory deficit. We have previously reported that inhibition of protein kinase A by H-89 can induce memory impairment.

Ellagic acid confers protection against gentamicin-induced oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis-related nephrotoxicity.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effect of ellagic acid (EA) against gentamicin (GEN)-induced nephrotoxicity using biochemical, molecular and histopathological approaches.

Methods: Rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups: control, GEN (100 mg/kg, i.p.

Protective effects of chronic lithium treatment against spatial memory retention deficits induced by the protein kinase AII inhibitor H-89 in rats.

We have previously shown that infusion of the PKAII inhibitor H-89 in the CA1 area of the hippocampus impaired spatial memory retention. There is some evidence suggesting the neuroprotective effects of chronic lithium administration including its ability to attenuate a deleterious effect of chronic stress on spatial memory in rats. In the present study, we investigated whether chronic administration of lithium can improve memory as well as influence the inhibitory effect of H-89 on spatial memory retention.