Challenges in Evaluating a Community-Level Intervention to Address Root Causes of Youth Violence.

Violence disproportionately impacts Black American youth, representing a major health disparity. Addressing the possible root causes of structural inequities to reduce violence may increase the impact of prevention strategies. However, efforts to evaluate the impact of such interventions pose numerous methodological challenges, particularly around selecting an effective evaluation design to detect change at the community level, with adequate power and sampling, and appropriate constructs and measurement strategies.

Relations Between Perceptions of Parental Messages Supporting Fighting and Nonviolence and Adolescents' Physical Aggression: Beliefs as Mediators.

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescents' beliefs about fighting as mediators of longitudinal relations between perceptions of parental support for fighting and nonviolence and changes in adolescents' physical aggression. Participants were 2,575 middle school students ( = 12.20, = 1.

Project GRIP: An Illustration of Participatory Action Research with Communities of People Who Own and Use Firearms.

Firearm-related injury and mortality prevention strategies are often incompatible with and potentially ineffective for the very populations at risk. Such incompatibility is reflective of a cultural disconnect between investigators and prevention specialists and those who own and use firearms. The current paper describes Project GRIP, a research study that was guided by the principles of Participatory Action Research (PAR).

Mixed methods evaluation of a jail diversion program: Impact on arrests and functioning.

This mixed methods study had two aims: (1) to examine the effectiveness of a jail diversion program in reducing recidivism and promoting educational and employment outcomes; and (2) to qualitatively explore mechanisms through which the program was effective. Participants were 17 individuals arrested for drug offenses who participated in an intensive, law enforcement-based jail diversion program, and 17 individuals in a comparison group. Arrests were extracted from police records, and education and employment were extracted from program data.

Association between Rural Residence and Processes of Care in Pancreatic Cancer Treatment.

Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy associated with poor outcomes. Surgical resection and receipt of multimodal therapy have been shown to improve outcomes in patients with potentially resectable PDAC; however treatment and outcome disparities persist on many fronts. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between rural residence and receipt of quality cancer care in patients diagnosed with non-metastatic PDAC.

Adolescent experiences with online racial discrimination: Implications for prevention and coping.

Online aggression represents a wide range of negative experiences, including online discrimination targeting individuals based on race, but adolescent perspectives are not well-represented. We interviewed 15 adolescents regarding their experiences with online racial discrimination. After a phenomenological analysis, four main themes emerged: types of online racial aggression, processes supporting online racism, personal coping, and strategies to prevent online racial aggression.

Individual and contextual-level factors associated with iron-folic acid supplement intake during pregnancy in Ethiopia: a multi-level analysis.

Background: Anemia is still one of the major public health problems in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess individual and contextual-level factors associated with iron-folic acid supplement intake during pregnancy in Ethiopia.

Methods: A secondary analysis was done on the 2019 mini-Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset.

Cyberbullying and Empathy Among Late-Elementary School Children.

There is currently limited research on the relation between forms of empathy and subsequent cyberbullying in middle childhood, a stage in which cyberbullying behaviors are likely to develop. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which affective empathy (experiencing someone else's emotions) and cognitive empathy (perspective-taking) predicted subsequent cyberbullying perpetration in middle childhood. Participants were 105 fourth-and fifth-grade students from two urban elementary schools ( = 9.

Relations between youths' community violence exposure and their physical aggression: The protective role of adults.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether adults moderated the relations between youths' community violence exposure and subsequent physical aggression. Participants were 2575 middle school students (M  = 12.3, SD = 1.

Beliefs as Mediators of Relations Between Exposure to Violence and Physical Aggression During Early Adolescence.

This study examined beliefs about aggression and self-efficacy for nonviolent responses as mediators of longitudinal relations between exposure to violence and physical aggression. Participants were a predominantly African American (79%) sample of 2,705 early adolescents from three middle schools within urban neighborhoods with high rates of violence. Participants completed measures across four waves (fall, winter, spring, and summer) within a school year.

Fragmentation of Care in Pancreatic Cancer: Effects on Receipt of Care and Survival.

Background: The impact of fragmentation of care (FC), i.e., receipt of care at > 1 institution, on treatment of pancreatic cancer is unknown.

Palliative Therapies in Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer: Does Medicaid Expansion Make a Difference?

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of medicaid expansion (ME) on receipt of palliative therapies in metastatic pancreatic cancer patients.

Patients And Methods: A difference-in-differences (DID) approach was used to analyze patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer identified from the National Cancer Database diagnosed during two time periods: pre-expansion (2010-2012) and post-expansion (2014-2016). Patients diagnosed while residing in ME states were compared with those in non-ME states.

Multidrug resistance from a one health perspective in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of literature (2015-2020).

Purpose: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance is a major global health challenge and becoming an urgent priority for policymakers. There is a paucity of scientific studies presenting the multidrug resistance pattern from one health perspective in Ethiopia. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of multidrug resistance in bacteria from human, animal, food, and environmental sources.

Disparities in Access to Oncologic Care in Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Background: Pancreatic cancer care is complex, and multiple disparities in receipt of therapies have been documented. The authors aimed to conduct a systematic review of the literature to critically assess and summarize disparities in access to oncologic therapies for pancreatic cancer.

Methods: A search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases were performed for studies reporting disparities in access to oncologic care for pancreatic cancer.

Early Adolescents' Social Goals in Peer Conflict Situations: A Mixed Methods Study.

Identification of goals is a key social-cognitive process that guides whether adolescents engage in aggressive or nonviolent behavior during social conflicts. This study investigated early adolescents' goals in response to hypothetical social conflict situations involving close friends and peers. Participants ( = 160; = 12.

The Dosage, Context, and Modality of Interventions to Prevent Cyberbullying Perpetration and Victimization: a Systematic Review.

Past reviews of cyberbullying preventative interventions have critiqued the field regarding scientific rigor, and a meta-analysis found that randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of such interventions were more effective than non-RCTs. However, no review has examined the risk of bias, dosage, modality, and delivery context of such programs to date. The current study addresses this gap through a systematic review of the literature.

Association of Medicaid Expansion with Pancreatic Cancer Treatment and Outcomes: Evidence from the National Cancer Database.

Background: Socioeconomic- and demographic-based disparities exist in the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Medicaid expansion (ME) may have an impact on these disparities. Analyses of patients with PDAC from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) were performed to examine the impact of ME on access to treatment and outcomes.

In-person victimization, cyber victimization, and polyvictimization in relation to internalizing symptoms and self-esteem in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: There is mixed evidence for whether in-person victimization and cyber victimization are differentially linked to internalizing symptoms and self-esteem among adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goals of the present study were to (1) evaluate in-person victimization and cyber victimization in relation to internalizing symptoms (i.e.

Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Children with Neurodevelopmental Delays: Relations to Diagnoses, Behavioral Health, and Clinical Severity.

Limited research has examined adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) among children at risk for neurodevelopmental delays. The purpose of this study was to (1) identify the prevalence of ACEs among children at risk for neurodevelopmental delays; (2) explore differences in rates of ACEs across neurodevelopmental diagnoses; and (3) examine relations between ACEs and indicators of behavioral health functioning (e.g.

Magnitude and Associated Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Adult Urban Dwellers of Northern Ethiopia.

Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is becoming a big public health problem in developing countries like Ethiopia. Developing countries have an almost two-fold higher risk of death due to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) compared to high-income countries. This study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with MetS among adult residents of Mekelle city.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among adult residents of Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia.

Introduction: Dyslipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The prevalence of dyslipidemia is not known among Ethiopian adults. The prevalence is expected to rise due to the socio-economic development accompanied by lifestyle changes.