Meningeal fibroma: a rare meningioma mimic.

Meningeal fibromas are rare intracranial tumors that mimic meningiomas radiologically as well as histologically. The authors report 2 cases of meningeal fibroma with detailed clinical, radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features, and discuss the differential diagnosis of this entity. Knowledge of this rare tumor is essential for pathologists to be able distinguish it from more common meningeal tumors, especially in younger patients.

A case of giant intracranial tuberculoma in an infant: clinical and radiologic pitfalls.

Intracranial tuberculoma in infants are a rare occurrence. We report a 7-month-old male infant presenting to our tertiary care referral center with complaints of global developmental delay and right hemiparesis for 3 months. Radiologic imaging was suggestive of large left frontoinsular space-occupying lesion with initial differential of primitive neuroectodermal tumor or desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma.

Ectopic insulin secreting neuroendocrine tumor of kidney with recurrent hypoglycemia: a diagnostic dilemma.

Background: Hypoglycemia secondary to ectopic insulin secretion of non-pancreatic tumors is rare.

Case Presentation: We describe a middle aged woman with recurrent hypoglycemia. On evaluation, she was detected to have hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and right sided renal mass lesion.

Pediatric sclerosing rhabdomyosarcomas: a review.

Sclerosing RMS (SRMS) is a recently described subtype of RMS that has not yet been included in any of the classification systems for RMSs. We did pubmed search using keywords "sclerosing, and rhabdomyosarcomas" and included all pediatric cases (age ≤ 18 years) of SRMSs in this review. We also included our case of an eleven-year-old male child with skull base SRMS and discuss the clinical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and genetic characteristics of these patients.

Leukodystrophy presenting as acute-onset polyradiculoneuropathy.

Background: Sulfatides, the most abundant glycosphingolipids, are a major component of myelin. They are degraded by the combined action of sphingolipid activator protein and arylsulfatase A. Deficiency of either of these entities causes metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD).

Comparison of different morphological parameters with duration of obstruction created experimentally in unilateral upper ureters: an animal model.

Background: The objective of the following study is to determine and to compare the different morphological parameters with duration of obstruction created experimentally in unilateral upper ureters of rats.

Materials And Methods: Unilateral upper ureteric obstruction was created in 60 adult Wistar rats that were reversed after predetermined intervals. Rats were sacrificed and ipsilateral kidneys were subjected for analysis of morphological parameters such as renal height, cranio-caudal diameter, antero-posterior diameter, lateral diameter, volume of the pelvis and average cortical thickness: Renal height.

Epithelioid angiomyolipoma in a child--a diagnostic dilemma.

Epithelioid angiomyolipoma (EAML) is a rare variant of angiomyolipoma found to have malignant potential and poorer prognosis. It is characterized by the predominance of epithelioid cells and frequent association with tuberous sclerosis. Its usual age of presentation is between the fourth and fifth decades of life, and only a single case has been reported in the pediatric age group.

Meningeal hemangiopericytomas: a clinicopathological study with emphasis on MGMT (O(6) -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase) promoter methylation status.

Meningeal hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are aggressive dural-based tumors, for which no prognostic or predictive marker has been identified. Gross total resection is treatment of choice, but not easily achieved; hence, alkylating agents like temozolomide (TMZ) are now being tried. O(6) -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation has proven prognostic and predictive value in glioblastomas.

Transcription factor C/EBP-β mediates downregulation of dipeptidyl-peptidase III expression by interleukin-6 in human glioblastoma cells.

Dipeptidyl-peptidase III (DPP III) is a cytosolic metallo-aminopeptidase implicated in various physiological and pathological processes. A previous study from our laboratory indicated an elevated expression of DPP III in glioblastoma (U87MG) cells. In the present study we investigated the role of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pleiotropic cytokine produced by glial tumors, in the regulation of DPP III expression.

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (Nora's lesion) of phalanx in a child.

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP; also called Nora's lesion) is a benign surface osteocartilaginous lesion, which is infrequently reported in world literature. The condition is classically described in the short tubular bones of hands and feet in the second and third decades of life. We present a case report of BPOP of the middle phalanx of middle finger in a 4-year-old girl.

Prognostic value of MIB-1, p53, epidermal growth factor receptor, and INI1 in childhood chordomas.

Background: Chordomas are slow-growing tumors and most commonly involve the sacrum and clivus. Multiple recurrences are frequent. Childhood chordomas are rare and often show exceptionally aggressive behavior, resulting in short survival and a high incidence of metastatic spread.

Suprasellar dermoid cyst associated with colloid cyst of the third ventricle: Disordered embryogenesis or a mere coincidence?

Intracranial dermoid cyst and colloid cysts of the third ventricle are rare benign congenital lesions of early adulthood. Both lesions are thought to be congenital in origin however association is rare. Only one case of this association has been reported.

Study of stem cell marker nestin and its correlation with vascular endothelial growth factor and microvascular density in ependymomas.

Background: Ependymomas are relatively rare glial tumours, whose pathogenesis is not well elucidated. They are enigmatic tumours that show site-specific differences in their biological behaviour. Recent studies have hypothesized that ependymoma cancer stem cells (CSCs) are derived from radial glia and express stem cell markers such as nestin, which is associated with a poor prognosis.

Study of chromosome 9q gain, Notch pathway regulators and Tenascin-C in ependymomas.

Ependymomas are relatively uncommon tumours of the central nervous system which arise from the ependymal lining of the ventricles and spinal canal. The molecular changes leading to ependymal oncogenesis are not completely understood. We examined chromosome 9q33-34 locus for gain, potential oncogenes at this locus (Notch-1 and Tenascin-C) and Notch pathway target genes (Hes-1, Hey-2 & C-myc) in ependymomas by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively, to assess if they have any correlation with clinical characteristics.

Effect of ipsilateral ureteric obstruction on contralateral kidney and role of renin angiotensin system blockade on renal recovery in experimentally induced unilateral ureteric obstruction.

Aims: To study, the effects of ipsilateral ureteric obstruction on contralateral kidney and the role of renin angiotensin system (RAS) blockade on renal recovery in experimentally induced unilateral ureteric obstruction.

Materials And Methods: Unilateral upper ureteric obstruction was created in 96 adult Wistar rats that were reversed after pre-determined intervals. Losartan and Enalapril were given to different subgroups of rats following relief of obstruction.

Giant cell glioblastoma in the pediatric age group: Report of two cases.

Giant cell glioblastoma multiforme is a rare subgroup of glioblastoma multiforme. It constitutes about 5% of all glioblastoma cases. Pediatric giant cell glioblastoma is extremely rare.

Uterus-like mass in association with neural tube defect: a case report and review of the literature.

Uterus-like mass is an extremely rare choristoma of müllerian origin arising in association with neural tube defects. In this article, we describe the case of a 9-year-old girl with spina bifida, a mass lesion within the conus, and a subcutaneous lipoma in the lumbosacral region. Histopathological examination of the conus lesion revealed a uterus-like structure comprising of endometrial glands and stroma surrounded by fascicles of smooth muscle.

Intracranial teratomas in children: a clinicopathological study.

Introduction: Intracranial teratoma is a rare entity, accounting for 0.5 % of all intracranial tumors and 2-4 % of intracranial tumors in children.

Objective: To study the demographic profile, clinical, radiological, and histopathological features of pediatric intracranial teratomas.

Neurenteric cyst of the ventral cervicomedullary region.

Neurenteric cysts are rare, benign, endodermally derived tumors of the central nervous system. Intracranial neurenteric cysts are rare with posterior fossa being the most common location among them. Neurenteric cyst of the craniocervical region is very rare.

Clinico-pathological profile of lung cancer at AIIMS: a changing paradigm in India.

Background: Lung cancer is one of the commonest and most lethal cancers throughout the world. The epidemiological and pathological profile varies among different ethnicities and geographical regions. At present adenocarcinoma is the commonest histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in most of the Western and Asian countries.

Comparative study of IDH1 mutations in gliomas by immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing.

Background: Mutations involving isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH 1) occur in a high proportion of diffuse gliomas, with implications on diagnosis and prognosis. About 90% involve exon 4 at codon 132, replacing amino acid arginine with histidine (R132H). Rarer ones include R132C, R132S, R132G, R132L, R132V, and R132P.

Bowen's disease on finger: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.

Bowen's disease commonly presents as a solitary asymptomatic plaque involving head and neck region or lower limbs. We present a case of a sixty seven-year-old man with an itchy, oozy, crusted solitary plaque on the right ring finger of eighteen months duration with histopathology consistent with Bowen's disease. The lesion was initially treated with topical 5% imiquimod but due to relapse and inadequate response to a second course, complete surgical excision followed by full thickness skin grafting was done.

Subcutaneous nodules as initial presentation of Burkitt lymphoma in HIV-negative child.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL), an aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma, usually presents with large extranodal masses involving jaw bones, intestines and central nervous system. There are 3 main types of BL: endemic, sporadic, and immunodeficiency variant. Although each variant frequently involves extranodal site, cutaneous involvement is distinctly rare.

Synergistic effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-2 on progression free survival in multiple myeloma.

Bone marrow neoangiogenesis plays an important role in multiple myeloma (MM) and depends on the interplay of angiogenic cytokines. We investigated the levels of angiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiopoietin (Ang)-1, Ang-2 and hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha (HiF-1α) in MM patients and their association with treatment outcome. Serum levels and mRNA expression of VEGF, Ang-2, Ang-1, bFGF and HiF-1α were evaluated in 71 MM patients using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.