Vancomycin dosing design method considering risk factors for nephrotoxicity.

Background: Vancomycin (VCM) induces nephrotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner, and patients with risk factors for nephrotoxicity have been reported to develop nephrotoxicity even within the effective concentration range. In the present study, we investigated measures to set an appropriate AUCss for each case by assessing the risk of developing nephrotoxicity using logistic regression curves, separating patients into a High-risk group with risk factors associated with nephrotoxicity when VCM is used and a Low-risk group without risk factors.

Methods: A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for nephrotoxicity.

Replacing white rice with pre-germinated brown rice mildly ameliorates hyperglycemia and imbalance of adipocytokine levels in type 2 diabetes model rats.

Pre-germinated brown rice (PR) has been developed industrially in order to enhance the nutritional functions of its source material, brown rice (BR). The present study was aimed at clarifying the effect of PR on the type 2 diabetes mellitus. We employed Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats as a model of type-2 diabetes mellitus.

Insoluble fiber is a major constituent responsible for lowering the post-prandial blood glucose concentration in the pre-germinated brown rice.

The intake of pre-germinated brown rice (PR) instead of white rice (WR) ameliorates the hyperglycemia. To clarify the mechanism(s) to decrease the post-prandial blood glucose concentration, the effect of water-soluble/oil-soluble fraction-depleted PR bran (termed as "DB"; which is destarched and defatted PR bran) on post-prandial blood glucose was compared with that of full-fat PR bran (PB) or WR. The test diets, WR diet, PB diet and DB diet which are containing identical amount of available carbohydrate (1.