Icing after skeletal muscle injury decreases M1 macrophage accumulation and TNF-α expression during the early phase of muscle regeneration in rats.

Following skeletal muscle injury, both myogenic and immune cells interact closely during the regenerative process. Although icing is still a common acute treatment for sports-related skeletal muscle injuries, icing after muscle injury has been shown to disrupt macrophage accumulation and impair muscle regeneration in animal models. However, it remains unknown whether icing shortly after injury affects macrophage-related phenomena during the early stages of muscle regeneration.

The relationship between lower urinary tract function and ioflupane scintigraphy in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease.

Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common degenerative cause of movement disorder, and autonomic dysfunction has been recognized in this disorder. PD patients' lower urinary tract (LUT) function is not established. We investigated LUT function in PD by single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging of the dopamine transporter with I-ioflupane and clinical-urodynamic observations.

Unloading during skeletal muscle regeneration retards iNOS-expressing macrophage recruitment and perturbs satellite cell accumulation.

After skeletal muscle injury, unloading disturbs the regenerative process of injured myofibers, in a manner highly attributed to impairment of macrophage functions. However, the effect of unloading on the spatiotemporal context of proinflammatory macrophage recruitment and satellite cell accumulation within the damaged area remains unclear. This study focused on macrophages expressing inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) that synthesize nitric oxide, a key regulator of muscle regeneration, and compared the continuous hindlimb unloading (HU) by tail suspension versus weight-bearing (WB) after skeletal muscle crush injury in rats.

Bladder Autonomic Dysfunction after a Parietal Stroke.

We describe a case of a 57-year-old man who, immediately after a right parietal ischemic stroke, showed urodynamically determined bladder sensory decrement during filling and an underactive detrusor during voiding, both of which were ameliorated during the course of his treatment. The lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) occurs in stroke in up to 60% of patients, when it involves the frontal and insular cortices. In addition, LUTS does occur in parietal stroke as seen in our patient, presumably by sensory deafferentiation within the brain that is relevant to the central regulation of the micturition reflex.

Inhibition of the migration of MCP-1 positive cells by icing applied soon after crush injury to rat skeletal muscle.

Migration of the macrophages to the injured site soon after the skeletal muscle injury is crucial for subsequent regeneration of the muscle fibers. The Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is important chemokine for regulating migration of the monocytes/macrophages. Earlier reports have discussed that icing applied soon after muscle crush injury retards muscle regeneration through retardation of macrophage migration.

Urodynamic findings in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: a case report.

Aim Of Study: Urinary dysfunction in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) patients is attributed to functional incontinence, since they often have immobility and loss of motivation. In contrast, previously no urodynamic findings are available in CJD patients.

Case Report: We had 2 CJD patients who had urinary frequency and urinary retention.

Lower urinary tract function in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Objectives: Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common degenerative cause of dementia, whereas lower urinary tract (LUT) function in DLB patients has not been fully delineated. We investigated LUT function in DLB by clinical-urodynamic observations.

Methods: We examined 32 patients with DLB (23 men, 9 women; aged 59-86 [mean, 75.

Voiding Dysfunction in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 31.

Objective: To describe a case of SCA31 who presented with possible neurogenic voiding dysfunction.

Methods: A case report.

Results: A 73-year-old man with a 5-year history of cerebellar ataxia developed partial urinary retention.

Tolterodine activates the prefrontal cortex during bladder filling in OAB patients: a real-time NIRS-urodynamics study.

Aims: Studies of overactive bladder (OAB) have shown urothelial/suburothelial changes and increased bladder afferents, while in the brain the frontal micturition area that normally suppresses the bladder is deactivated. It has been unclear whether anticholinergic medication could reverse this suppression. To address this question, we performed a real-time NIRS (near-infrared spectroscopy)-urodynamic study in OAB patients before and after the administration of an anticholinergic agent, tolterodine.

Imidafenacin on bladder and cognitive function in neurologic OAB patients.

Objective: To explore imidafenacin's effects on bladder and cognitive function in neurologic overactive bladder (OAB) patients.

Methods: Sixty-two subjects (25 men, 37 women; mean age 70 years (25-86) with OAB due to neurologic diseases) were enrolled in the study. We conducted a urinary symptom survey and cognitive tests (MMSE, FAB, ADAS-cog) in all patients.

How the Bladder Senses? A Five-Grade Measure.

Objectives: During bladder filling, the bladder starts to sense it and the sensation steadily increases. However, little is known concerning volume-sensory correlation in normal bladder and pressure-sensory correlation during detrusor overactivity (DO). We aimed to real-time assess bladder sensation in normal bladder and DO using a five-grade measure.

Weak detrusor contractility correlates with motor disorders in Parkinson's disease.

Limited attention has been paid to the relationship between urinary symptoms or urodynamic findings and motor disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD). We aimed to correlate pressure-flow urodynamic parameters with video-gait analysis parameters in PD. We recruited 41 patients with PD (25 men and 16 women; age, 70.

Do Sacral/Peripheral Lesions Contribute to Detrusor-Sphincter Dyssynergia?

Objectives: While detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia (DSD) occurs in conjunction with lesions between the brainstem and the sacral cord, it is not well known whether sacral/peripheral lesions contribute to DSD. We studied the relationship between DSD and sacral/peripheral lesions.

Methods: One hundred and forty-four patients with diverse neurologic etiologies underwent urodynamic study and analysis of motor unit potentials in the external sphincter muscles, 117 of whom were able to void during a urodynamic test.

Lower Urinary Tract Function in Spinocerebellar Ataxia 6.

Objective: To investigate lower urinary tract function in spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6).

Methods: We recruited, without bias, nine SCA6 patients with a mean cytosine-adenine-guanine repeat length of 24.3 (21-26, normal <18).

Meningitis-retention syndrome: first case of urodynamic follow-up.

The combination of acute urinary retention and aseptic meningitis has not been well recognized. This combination can be referred to as meningitis-retention syndrome (MRS), when accompanied by no other abnormalities. However, the responsible site of lesions for urinary retention in MRS remains obscure, despite the areflexic detrusor at the time of urinary retention.

Pathogenesis of reduced or increased bladder sensation.

Objective: Pathogenesis of reduced or increased bladder sensation is not well known. Hence, we systematically investigated the frequency of reduced or increased bladder sensation in neurologic/mental diseases.

Methods: We analyzed 911 patients who were referred from within our hospital.

Progressive supranuclear palsy presenting with urinary retention and sleep apnea.

We report a case of a 62-year-old Japanese-Australian woman with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) who presented with prominent urinary retention, neurogenic changes in sphincter electromyography, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Urodynamic study revealed a combination of detrusor overactivity during filling and underactivity during voiding. All these non-motor symptoms in PSP mimicked those of multiple system atrophy.

Herbal medicine-induced meningitis-retention syndrome.

A 73-year-old woman developed subacute meningitis-retention syndrome (MRS), dermatitis, and latent pneumonitis likely due to the herbal medicines Shinbu-Tou and Rikkunshi-Tou. The responsible site of lesions for urinary retention seemed to be the spinal micturition pathways and, to a lesser extent, the sacral spinal cord. All of her clinical manifestations were successfully ameliorated within three weeks of discontinuation of the herbal remedies.

Real-time measurement of oxyhemoglobin concentration changes in the frontal micturition area: an fNIRS study.

Objective: To explore brain activity in the frontal micturition area during natural bladder behavior.

Methods: Five control subjects (one man and four women; mean age 61 years [38-70]) and four subjects with detrusor overactivity (all men; mean age 55 years [33-65]) were enrolled in the study. We performed real-time measurements of oxyhemoglobin concentration (oxy-Hb) changes in the frontal micturition area using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) in response to quasi-natural, continuous bladder filling, and voiding in a sitting position.

Influence of Body Position on Defecation in Humans.

Objectives: To compare three positions for defecation by measuring abdominal pressure and the anorectal angle simultaneously.

Methods: We recruited six healthy volunteers. The videomanometric measures included simultaneous fluoroscopic images, abdominal pressures, subtracted rectal pressures and anal sphincter pressures.

Cerebellar Ataxia and Overactive Bladder after Encephalitis Affecting the Cerebellum.

The cerebellum is one of the regions that contribute to urinary dysfunction in humans. A 43-year-old woman at age 35 had an acute onset of encephalitis that led to fever, generalized convulsion and coma. Six months after the disease onset, she regained consciousness and developed generalized myoclonus, cerebellar ataxia and overactive bladder, e.