Global profiling of influence of intra-ischemic brain temperature on gene expression in rat brain.

Mild to moderate differences in brain temperature are known to greatly affect the outcome of cerebral ischemia. The impact of brain temperature on ischemic disorders has been mainly evaluated through pathological analysis. However, no comprehensive analyses have been conducted at the gene expression level.

Decreased expression of angiotensin II type 1 and type 2 receptors in the brain after long-term administration of antihypertensive drugs in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat.

The present study examined the levels of Angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT(1)) and type 2 receptor (AT(2)) in the brain stem and cerebral cortex of the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR-sp) after long-term treatment with three types of antihypertensive drugs: valsartan, enalapril, and amlodipine. In both tissues, expression of the AT(1) was decreased by administration of each drug. Expression of the AT(2) was decreased in the cerebral cortex by drug administration, but did not change in the brain stem.

Statistical validation of two sample comparison methods for oligonucleotide microarray in rat ischemia model.

In gene expression analyses using a high-density oligonucleotide array in a rat ischemia model, two comparison methods, "pair-wise comparison" and "sample average comparison", were evaluated based on statistical methods. The reliability of the elements screened with a 1.2 to 10-fold threshold was also evaluated.

Screening for control genes in mouse hippocampus after transient forebrain ischemia using high-density oligonucleotide array.

In conventional relative gene expression analysis (Northern blotting, RT-PCR, and in situ hybridization), housekeeping genes such as the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-actin genes, whose expression levels are considered stable, have been used as control genes for normalization of RNA quantitation. However, it has been reported that the expression levels of these two control genes are affected by ischemia. Therefore, we have been searching for novel control genes whose expression levels are stable in a mouse model of transient forebrain ischemia.

Molecular genetic alterations and gene expression profile of a malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor of the kidney (MRTK) is a rare but highly aggressive tumor in children, and knowledge about the molecular signature of this tumor is limited. We report the molecular genetic alterations and gene expression profile of an MRTK tumor that arose in a 4-month-old Japanese girl. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and Southern blot analyses revealed a homozygous deletion of an approximately 0.

Screening for control genes in rat global cerebral ischemia using high-density oligonucleotide array.

From conventional relative gene expression analyses (Northern blotting, in situ hybridization, and RT-PCR), it has been reported that the expression of control genes, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and beta-actin, used as references may be affected by ischemia. Therefore, we extended searching and evaluation at the mRNA level of transcripts whose expression levels were not changed by cerebral ischemia, using a high-density oligonucleotide array and statistical analysis in a rat global cerebral ischemia and reperfusion model. We added a hyperthermic factor and localization factor to ischemia and identified transcripts with a stable expression level under conditions even more disadvantageous than ischemia only.

Alteration of serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase-1 (sgk-1) gene expression in rat hippocampus after transient global ischemia.

Expression of the serum/glucocorticoid regulated kinase-1 (sgk-1) gene has been reported to be induced by various stress stimuli such as hyper- or hypo-osmotic stress, UV irradiation, and heat shock stress; however, its association with global ischemia in the brain has not been studied. Using high-density oligonucleotide array analysis, we found that the sgk-1 gene was one of the genes showing alteration of expression in the rat hippocampus during 1-4 h of reperfusion after 10 min of transient global cerebral ischemia. Using TaqMan RT-PCR analysis, we confirmed an increased level of sgk-1 gene expression with statistical significance in the rat hippocampus at 2 h of reperfusion after 10 min of transient global cerebral ischemia.