A neuraminidase-based inactivated influenza virus vaccine significantly reduced virus replication and pathology following homologous challenge in swine.

Influenza A viruses (IAV) of subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 are endemic in US domestic swine populations and contribute to significant economic losses annually and pose a persistent pandemic threat. Adjuvanted, whole-inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines are the primary countermeasure to control IAV in swine. The compositions of these vaccines are matched for hemagglutinin (HA) strain and content, often ignoring the other IAV glycoprotein, the neuraminidase (NA).

A single rare σ70 variant establishes a unique gene expression pattern in the E. coli pathobiont LF82.

LF82, an adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) pathobiont, is associated with Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Although AIEC phenotypes differ from those of 'commensal' or pathogenic E. coli, work has failed to identify genetic features accounting for these differences.

The pathobiont LF82 encodes a unique variant of σ that results in specific gene expression changes and altered phenotypes.

LF82, an adherent invasive pathobiont, is associated with ileal Crohn's disease, an inflammatory bowel disease of unknown etiology. Although LF82 contains no virulence genes, it carries several genetic differences, including single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), that distinguish it from nonpathogenic . We have identified and investigated an extremely rare SNP that is within the highly conserved gene, encoding σ, the primary sigma factor for RNA polymerase.

Helicobacter bilis Infection Alters Mucosal Bacteria and Modulates Colitis Development in Defined Microbiota Mice.

Background: Helicobacter bilis infection of C3H/HeN mice harboring the altered Schaedler flora (ASF) triggers progressive immune responsiveness and the development of colitis. We sought to investigate temporal alterations in community structure of a defined (ASF-colonized) microbiota in normal and inflamed murine intestines and to correlate microbiota changes to histopathologic lesions.

Methods: The colonic mucosal microbiota of healthy mice and ASF mice colonized with H.

Attenuation of Colitis by Serum-Derived Bovine Immunoglobulin/Protein Isolate in a Defined Microbiota Mouse Model.

Background: The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and multifaceted including genetic predisposition, environmental components, microbial dysbiosis, and inappropriate immune activation to microbial components. Pathogenic bacterial provocateurs like adherent and invasive E. coli have been reported to increase susceptibility to Crohn's disease.