Pharmacotherapy regimens among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine if veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) are treated differently pharmacologically than patients with PTSD alone.

Methods: A retrospective evaluation of PTSD pharmacotherapy of Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans with PTSD (N=707) was conducted between April 1, 2007, and March 31, 2009. A total of 45 veterans had suffered a mild TBI.

Identification of enzymes and regulatory proteins in Escherichia coli that are oxidized under nitrogen, carbon, or phosphate starvation.

Using proteomic technologies, we identified 62 proteins that are oxidized to carbonyl derivatives during growth of Escherichia coli under nitrogen starvation (NS), carbon starvation (CS), and phosphate starvation (PS) conditions. The carbonylated proteins were converted to 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone derivatives and these were identified using Western blotting and mass spectrometry by searching E. coli proteins in the Swiss-Prot and/or NCBI databases.

Preconditioning results in S-nitrosylation of proteins involved in regulation of mitochondrial energetics and calcium transport.

Nitric oxide has been shown to be an important signaling messenger in ischemic preconditioning (IPC). Accordingly, we investigated whether protein S-nitrosylation occurs in IPC hearts and whether S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) elicits similar effects on S-nitrosylation and cardioprotection. Preceding 20 minutes of no-flow ischemia and reperfusion, hearts from C57BL/6J mice were perfused in the Langendorff mode and subjected to the following conditions: (1) control perfusion; (2) IPC; or (3) 0.