B7-H3 is widely expressed in soft tissue sarcomas.

Purpose: Targeted therapy development in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) has been burdened by the heterogeneity of this group of rare tumors. B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3) is a molecule in the same family as programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). It has limited expression in noncancerous tissues and is overexpressed in many cancers, making it an attractive target for cancer therapy, and clinical trials targeting B7-H3 are actively underway.

Community-facing toxicokineticmodels to estimate PFAS serum levels based on life history and drinking water exposures.

Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are drinking water contaminants. Tools to assess the potential body burden associated with drinking PFAS-contaminated water may be helpful for public health assessment of exposed communities.

Methods: We implemented a suite of one-compartment toxicokinetic models using extensively calibrated toxicokinetic parameters (half-life and volume of distribution).

Increasing pneumococcal vaccine uptake in older adults: a scoping review of interventions in high-income countries.

Background: There is low uptake of the pneumococcal vaccination in eligible older adults, even in high-income countries that offer routine and universal vaccination programs.

Objective: To systematically characterize interventions aimed at improving pneumococcal vaccine uptake in older adults.

Design: We conducted a scoping review following PRISMA-SCr guidelines of five interdisciplinary databases: Medline-Ovid, Embase, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Cochrane Library.

Bayesian Estimation of Human Population Toxicokinetics of PFOA, PFOS, PFHxS, and PFNA from Studies of Contaminated Drinking Water.

Background: Setting health-protective standards for poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure requires estimates of their population toxicokinetics, but existing studies have reported widely varying PFAS half-lives (T) and volumes of distribution (V).

Objectives: We combined data from multiple studies to develop harmonized estimates of T and V, along with their interindividual variability, for four PFAS commonly found in drinking water: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS).

Methods: We identified published data on PFAS concentrations in human serum with corresponding drinking water measurements, separated into training and testing data sets.

Combinations of Chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors in Sarcoma.

While no PD-1 inhibitor has been FDA approved for use in sarcoma or proven efficacious in a randomized trial, the use of single agent PD-1 inhibitors is standard-of-care and recommended by the NCCN guidelines in certain specific subtypes and situations. Even while the role of immunotherapy is still being defined in sarcoma, there is rising interest in combinations of PD-1 inhibitors with standard-of-care treatments, especially chemotherapy. Recently, several early phase trials have suggested potential benefits for chemotherapy in combination with PD-1 inhibitors.

Understanding predictors of pneumococcal vaccine uptake in older adults aged 65 years and older in high-income countries across the globe: A scoping review.

Background: Pneumococcal disease causes substantial morbidity and mortality in older adults. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23) is routinely recommended to reduce the disease burden in this population. However, the vaccination coverage in older adults remains suboptimal in high-income countries.

Uncovering Public Perceptions of Older Adults' Vaccines in Canada: A Study of Online Discussions from National Media Sources.

This study explored how a subsection of Canadians perceive older adults' vaccines through a qualitative analysis of comments posted in response to national online news articles. We used reflexive thematic analysis to analyse 147 comments from 31 news article comments sections published between 2015 and 2020 from five different national online news sources (CBC, National Post, Global News, Globe & Mail, and Huffington Post Canada) that focused on three older adults' diseases and vaccines: influenza, pneumococcal pneumonia, and herpes-zoster. Three themes encompassed the similarities and differences in how these three diseases were discussed: (1) the importance of personal experiences on stated stance in vaccine uptake or refusal, (2) questioning vaccine research and recommendations, and (3) criticisms of the government's unequal vaccine opportunities across different Canadian provinces.

Beyond the ratings: gender effects in written comments from clinical teaching assessments.

Assessment of clinical teachers by learners is problematic. Construct-irrelevant factors influence ratings, and women teachers often receive lower ratings than men. However, most studies focus only on numeric scores.

Exploring food shopping behaviours through a study of Ottawa social media.

This study explored the important attributes of the local food retail environments that residents from Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, used in recommending where to purchase fresh produce, including fruits and vegetables, in the Ottawa area. Drawing upon an approach originating in marketing and consumer research, qualitative thematic analysis was used to analyze 79 discussions from three social media platforms that occurred between 2015 and 2018. We identified three patterns of conversations about food shopping, characterized by participants describing important factors of their local retail food environments that shaped their recommendations for different retail food establishments: 1) Pleasant represented discussions where having a pleasurable food shopping experience was the main discussion point.

Corner Store Retailers' Perspectives on a Discontinued Healthy Corner Store Initiative.

Making fresh fruits and vegetables (FFV) more widely available has been a prominent focus of healthy retail interventions and may have an important role in improving food access and diet quality at the population level. 'Healthy retail' interventions in corner/convenience stores (CS) are increasingly being adopted by public health practitioners to address the diet-related risk factors, improve food access at the community level, and change food retail environments. Private sector retailers are integral to the success of public health retailing interventions, making their perspectives and experiences critical.

Opportunities for Qualitative Analysis of Social Media Platforms in Dietetic Research and Practice.

To date, most qualitative knowledge about individual eating patterns and the food environment has been derived from traditional data collection methods, such as interviews, focus groups, and observations. However, there currently exists a large source of nutrition-related data in social media discussions that have the potential to provide opportunities to improve dietetic research and practice. Qualitative social media discussion analysis offers a new tool for dietetic researchers and practitioners to gather insights into how the public discusses various nutrition-related topics.

Developing a Health Impact Model for Adult Lead Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality.

Background: Lead (Pb) is a highly toxic pollutant. Evidence suggests it is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality.

Objectives: We present a rigorous approach for identifying concentration-response functions that relate adult Pb exposures to CVD mortality to inform a health impact model (HIM).

Assessment of healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and perceived challenges of clinical pharmacogenetic testing in Egypt.

We evaluated healthcare practitioners' perspectives regarding clinical pharmacogenetics in Cairo, Egypt. We administered a paper-based survey to pharmacists and physicians practicing at Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt. The survey assessed practitioners' knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives about pharmacogenetic testing.

Taken Out of Context: Hazards in the Interpretation of Written Assessment Comments.

Purpose: Written comments are increasingly valued for assessment; however, a culture of politeness and the conflation of assessment with feedback lead to ambiguity. Interpretation requires reading between the lines, which is untenable with large volumes of qualitative data. For computer analytics to help with interpreting comments, the factors influencing interpretation must be understood.

"RIP KFC": Public Perceptions of a Fast-Food Restaurant Closure.

This paper used netnography and thematic analysis of the comments made in online news articles to understand better the public response to the closure of the only KFC restaurant in Yellowknife, Northwest Territories, Canada, in 2015. While the popular media often cover fast-food restaurant closures, past academic research has not examined the public response to these closures. To begin to fill this gap, we examined the comments sections of five online news articles from the Canadian news outlet, CBC.

It takes a village: a realist synthesis of social pediatrics program.

Objectives: To better understand how social pediatric initiatives (SPIs) enact equitable, integrated, embedded approaches with high-needs children and families while facilitating proportionate distribution of health resources.

Methods: The realist review method incorporated the following steps: (1) identifying the review question, (2) formulating the initial theory, (3) searching for primary studies, (4) selecting and appraising study quality, (5) synthesizing relevant data and (6) refining the theory.

Results: Our analysis identified four consistent patterns of care that may be effective in social pediatrics: (1) horizontal partnerships based on willingness to share status and power; (2) bridged trust initiated through previously established third party relationships; (3) knowledge support increasing providers' confidence and skills for engaging community; and (4) increasing vulnerable families' self-reliance through empowerment strategies.

Preservation of cognitive function following whole brain radiotherapy in patients with brain metastases: Complications, treatments, and the emerging role of memantine.

Whole brain radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for patients suffering from stage IV malignancies that have metastasized to the brain. Although this therapy is often effective at reducing tumor size and burden, it is associated with a spectrum of toxicities that often result in irreversible cognitive decline. Various drug and non-drug therapies have been evaluated to treat this neurotoxicity after whole brain radiotherapy is administered; however, currently available options have shown little benefit or come with side effects themselves that may outweigh the benefits of their use.

A Fine Balance: How Authors Strategize Around Journal Submission.

Purpose: Publishing in peer-reviewed journals is essential for medical education researchers. Competition remains fierce for top journals, and authors are advised to consider impact factor (IF), audience, and alignment of focus. However, little is known about how authors balance these factors when making submission decisions.

Exploring sales data during a healthy corner store intervention in Toronto: the Food Retail Environments Shaping Health (FRESH) project.

Introduction: Population health interventions in the retail food environment, such as corner store interventions, aim to influence the kind of cues consumers receive so that they are more often directed toward healthier options. Research that addresses financial aspects of retail interventions, particularly using outcome measures such as store sales that are central to retail decision making, is limited. This study explored store sales over time and across product categories during a healthy corner store intervention in a lowincome neighbourhood in Toronto, Ontario.

Kindergarten food familiarization. An exploratory study of teachers' perspectives on food and nutrition in kindergartens.

This exploratory study employed a netnographic approach (netnography being a research methodology that adopts the practices of ethnography in an Internet-based setting) to reveal opportunities for kindergarten food familiarization. The study analyses kindergarten teachers' discussions on seven Internet message boards regarding the various food and nutrition experiences in their classes. Semi-structured interviews were then conducted with seven kindergarten teachers to explore further the message board findings.

Newborn tracking for polio birth dose vaccination in pastoralist and semi-pastoralist CORE Group Polio Project implementation districts (woredas) in Ethiopia.

Background: Estimates of immunization coverage rates in Ethiopia varied widely, but were consistent in that polio birth dose coverage is much lower than other antigens, particularly in semi-pastoralist and pastoralist areas.

Objective: Examine pregnancy and child delivery practices and identify mechanisms for improving polio birth dose coverage in CORE Group Polio Project implementation districts.

Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted in March - April 2012 involving 600 women who delivered in the previous one year.

Children at play: an innovative method for studying and teaching nutritional behaviors.

Children under 6 years of age are one of the key groups for interventions establishing lifelong nutritional behaviors that will promote health and prevent obesity. Adults in young children's social environments play important roles in encouraging healthy nutritional behaviors. Parents, childcare providers, and teachers must teach children healthy eating behaviors in age-appropriate and applicable ways.

Familiarizing with toy food: preliminary research and future directions.

Objective: A qualitative content analysis of children and parents interacting with toy food in their homes in view of recommendations for developing healthful food preferences.

Methods: YouTube videos (n = 101) of children and parents interacting in toy kitchen settings were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Toy food was categorized under 5 food groups, and interactions were compared to literature on developing healthful food preferences in children in real life.

Healthy habits or damaging diets: an exploratory study of a food blogging community.

This exploratory study describes the virtual socialization, behaviors, and attitudes being promoted in one community of food bloggers. Two months of entries from 45 blogs created by young women belonging to a photography-based food blogging community were analyzed and coded using a qualitative approach. Analysis revealed widespread group practices as well as the promotion of attitudes and behaviors associated with dietary restraint.