Subcutaneous pharmacokinetics of the cardiac hormone vessel dilator.

Vessel dilator, a hormone synthesized in the heart, eliminates 71% of human small-cell lung cancers and 67% of human breast cancers growing in mice when given subcutaneously (s.c.) via osmotic pumps.

Reduction of leptin levels by four cardiac hormones: Implications for hypertension in obesity.

Circulating levels of leptin are increased in obesity and have been proposed to contribute to the development of hypertension in obese individuals. Four cardiac hormones, specifically, vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP), kaliuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), have blood pressure-lowering properties and correlate with the presence of hypertension in obesity. The objective of this study was to determine whether one or more of these cardiac hormones was able to decrease the levels of leptin in the hypothalamus, an area of the brain that has been demonstrated to synthesize more than 40% of leptin in the circulation.

Cardiac hormones target nuclear oncogenes c-Fos and c-Jun in carcinoma cells.

Background: c-Fos is a cellular proto-oncogene which dimerizes with c-Jun proto-oncogene to form AP-1 transcription factor, which upregulates transcription of genes involved in proliferation and cancer formation. Four cardiac hormones, that is, long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP), vessel dilator, kaliuretic peptide (KP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) with anticancer effects in vivo are potent inhibitors of the Ras-MEK 1/2-ERK 1/2 kinase cascade and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) that activate c-Fos and c-Jun. These four cardiac hormones were investigated for their effects on proto-oncogenes c-Fos and c-Jun within the nucleus of cancer cells.

Potent selective inhibition of STAT 3 versus STAT 1 by cardiac hormones.

Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) are the final "switches" that activate gene expression patterns that lead to human malignancy. Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK 1/2) activate STAT 3; four cardiovascular hormones inhibit ERK 1/2 kinases, leading to the hypothesis that they may also inhibit STATs. These four cardiac hormones, i.

Novel dual inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor and VEGFR2 receptor.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) helps control tumour growth via causing new capillaries growth in tumours. Four cardiac hormones [i.e.

Cardiac hormones are c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 2-inhibiting peptides.

Background: Four cardiac peptide hormones, namely vessel dilator, long-acting natriuretic peptide (LANP), kaliuretic peptide, and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) have anticancer effects.

Materials And Methods: The effects of these four cardiac hormones on human c-Jun-N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) were examined in human small cell lung cancer and human prostate cancer cells.

Results: Vessel dilator, LANP, kaliuretic peptide and ANP maximally reduced expression of JNK2 by 89%, 56%, 45%, and 28%, respectively (each at p<0.

The 2003 anatomy ceremony: a service of gratitude.

In keeping with a long-standing tradition, Yale Medical and Physician Associate students gather at a ceremony each year after the completion of the anatomy course. The ceremony is a chance to reflect and to give thanks. It gives students the opportunity to articulate their gratitude to the selfless individuals who donated their bodies for the benefit of education.

Dual pressure from antiretroviral therapy and cell-mediated immune response on the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease gene.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-specific CD8(+) T-lymphocyte pressure can lead to the development of viral escape mutants, with consequent loss of immune control. Antiretroviral drugs also exert selection pressures on HIV, leading to the emergence of drug resistance mutations and increased levels of viral replication. We have determined a minimal epitope of HIV protease, amino acids 76 to 84, towards which a CD8(+) T-lymphocyte response is directed.

Identification of epitope-like consensus motifs using mRNA display.

The mRNA display approach to in vitro protein selection is based upon the puromycin-mediated formation of a covalent bond between an mRNA and its gene product. This technique can be used to identify peptide sequences involved in macromolecular recognition, including those identical or homologous to natural ligand epitopes. To demonstrate this approach, we determined the peptide sequences recognized by the trypsin active site, and by the anti-c-Myc antibody, 9E10.