The Impact of Extended Treatment With Artemether-lumefantrine on Antimalarial Exposure and Reinfection Risks in Ugandan Children With Uncomplicated Malaria: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) is the most widely used artemisinin-based combination therapy in Sub-Saharan Africa and is threatened by the emergence of artemisinin resistance. Dosing is suboptimal in young children. We hypothesized that extending AL duration will improve exposure and reduce reinfection risks.

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Zidovudine, Lamivudine, and Lopinavir/Ritonavir in HIV-infected Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa: IMPAACT Protocol P1092.

Background: Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) may alter the pharmacokinetics (PK), efficacy, and safety of antiretroviral therapy. The phase IV study, IMPAACT P1092, compared PK, safety, and tolerability of zidovudine (ZDV), lamivudine (3TC), and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r) in children with and without SAM.

Materials And Methods: Children living with HIV 6 to <36 months of age with or without World Health Organization (WHO)-defined SAM received ZDV, 3TC, and LPV/r syrup for 48 weeks according to WHO weight band dosing.

Reduced Exposure to Piperaquine, Compared to Adults, in Young Children Receiving Dihydroartemisinin-Piperaquine as Malaria Chemoprevention.

Dihydroartemisinin (DHA)-piperaquine is being evaluated as intermittent preventive therapy for malaria, but dosing has not been optimized for children. We assessed exposure to DHA and piperaquine in Ugandan children at two ages during infancy. Intensive sampling was performed in 32 children at 32 weeks of age, 31 children at 104 weeks, and 30 female adult controls.