Determination of codon pattern and evolutionary forces acting on genes linked to inflammatory bowel disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract. The present study attempted to understand the codon usage preferences in genes associated with IBD progression. Compositional analysis, codon usage bias (CUB), Relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU), RNA structure, and expression analysis were performed to obtain a comprehensive picture of codon usage in IBD genes.

Synthetic biology approach revealed enhancement in haeme oxygenase-1 gene expression by codon pair optimization while reduction by codon deoptimization.

Haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a ubiquitously expressed gene involved in cellular homoeostasis, and its imbalance in expression results in various disorders. To alleviate such disorders, HO-1 gene expression needs to be modulated. Codon usage bias results from evolutionary forces acting on any nucleotide sequence and determines the gene expression.

Molecular insights into codon usage analysis of mitochondrial fission and fusion gene: relevance to neurodegenerative diseases.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is the leading cause of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Mitochondria is a highly dynamic organelle continuously undergoing the process of fission and fusion for even distribution of components and maintaining proper shape, number, and bioenergetic functionality. A set of genes governs the process of fission and fusion.

Evaluation of dynamics of immune responses and protective efficacy in piglets immunized with an inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccine candidate.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is an important viral disease of swine that causes significant mortality in piglets and production losses in adult pigs. In this study, we investigated the protective efficacy of an inactivated PRRS virus vaccine candidate and evaluated the differences in PRRSV specific anamnestic response in piglets when challenged with live PRRSV at two different intervals post-immunization. Six-week-old piglets were immunized intramuscularly with an inactivated, Montanide ISA-206 adjuvanted Indian PRRSV isolate, followed by a booster dose at 21 days post-immunization.

Application of codon usage and context analysis in genes up- or down-regulated in neurodegeneration and cancer to combat comorbidities.

Introduction: Neurodegeneration and cancer present in comorbidities with inverse effects due to the expression of genes and pathways acting in opposition. Identifying and studying the genes simultaneously up or downregulated during morbidities helps curb both ailments together.

Methods: This study examines four genes.

Mpox vaccination in global perspective: priorities and challenges.

After the global panic created by COVID-19, the monkeypox (Mpox) virus emerged as a new challenge for the world population. As of 19 January 2023, a total of 84,733 cases across 110 countries/territories including 80 deaths has been reported. The virus has been transmitted to nonendemic countries in a short span of 6 months warranting WHO to declare Mpox, a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 23 July 2022.

An Insight into Codon Pattern Analysis of Autophagy Genes Associated with Virus Infection.

Introduction: Apoptosis and autophagy are the two fundamental processes involved in maintaining homeostasis, and a common stimulus may initiate the processes. Autophagy has been implicated in various diseases, including viral infections. Genetic manipulations leading to altered gene expression might be a strategy to check virus infection.

Synonymous Codon Variant Analysis for Autophagic Genes Dysregulated in Neurodegeneration.

Neurodegenerative disorders are often a culmination of the accumulation of abnormally folded proteins and defective organelles. Autophagy is a process of removing these defective proteins, organelles, and harmful substances from the body, and it works to maintain homeostasis. If autophagic removal of defective proteins has interfered, it affects neuronal health.

Codon Usage and Context Analysis of Genes Modulated during SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Dental Inflammation.

The overexpression of SARS-CoV-2 primary receptors and co-receptors (, , , and ) enhance the likeliness of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The genes for same receptors are overexpressed in the periodontal tissues of periodontitis patients. On the other hand, is recognized to play a crucial role in regulating pulmonary inflammation and enhancing susceptibility to viral infection.

Codon Pattern and Compositional Constraints Determination of Genes Associated with Chronic Periodontitis.

Genome-wide association studies showed the relationship of , , , , and with chronic periodontitis. The study's objective was to investigate different molecular patterns and evolutionary forces acting on the mentioned genes. The investigation of molecular patterns encompasses the study of compositional parameters, expression profile, physical properties of genes, codon preferences, degree of codon bias, determination of the most influential codons, and assessment of actions of evolutionary forces, such as mutations and natural selection.

Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) and their emerging threats to swine population, inter-species transmission, exploring the susceptibility of pigs for SARS-CoV-2 and zoonotic concerns.

Swine coronaviruses (SCoVs) are one of the most devastating pathogens affecting the livelihoods of farmers and swine industry across the world. These include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), porcine hemagglutinating encephalomyelitis virus (PHEV), swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV), and porcine delta coronavirus (PDCoV). Coronaviruses infect a wide variety of animal species and humans because these are having single stranded-RNA that accounts for high mutation rates and thus could break the species barrier.