Nomograms and Reference Ranges for Intra-Cranial Ventricular Dimensions in Indian Neonates.

Objectives: To establish normal reference values for commonly used ventricular indices - Anterior Horn Width (AHW), Ventricular Index (VI) and Thalamo-Occipital Distance (TOD)-against common variables including gestational age, birth weight and head circumference in Indian newborns.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Cranial ultrasound was performed between post-natal days 3 to 7.

Syntheses and characterization of novel antimony (III) and bismuth (III) derivatives containing β-enamino ester along with antimicrobial evaluation, DFT calculation, and cytotoxic study.

Four novel antimony (III) and bismuth(III) complexes of the kind Cl-Sb-O-C(OR)-CH(CH )C-NH-(CH ) -NH-C(CH )CH:C(OR)-O [where R = -CH , M = Sb (1a); R = -C H , M = Sb (1b); R = -CH M = Bi (1c); R = -C H , M = Bi (1d)] were successfully prepared by reacting antimony(III)chloride and bismuth(III)chloride with sodium salt of β-enamino esters in 1:1 stoichiometry, which were further structurally characterized by physicochemical and IR, H, C NMR spectral and mass spectrometry. Structural analysis revealed that all four derivatives of both antimony and bismuth display octahedarl geometry which has been optimized through computational studies. These derivatives along with their parent ligands were subsequently assayed in vitro for antibacterial (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and antifungal (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) activities.

Prevalence of breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) categories and breast consistencies in Central India -A cross-sectional survey.

Background: For recognizing the initial stages of breast cancer, mammography is regarded as one of the best modalities and plays a crucial part to lessen morbidity and mortality. For collaborative studies and planning of preventive strategies, it is significant to have baseline data. Thus, in this survey, the frequency distribution of breast imaging reporting and data system (BIRADS) classification and breast consistencies was investigated during the mammographic screening program in the Gwalior region, India.

Combination therapy with vitamin C and DMSA for arsenic-fluoride co-exposure in rats.

Introduction: Arsenic and fluoride are recognized globally as the most serious inorganic contaminants in drinking water. As there is no safe and effective treatment for the cases of fluoride poisoning and combined arsenic-fluoride toxicity, the present study was planned to assess (i) the mechanism of combined exposure to arsenic and fluoride via biochemical and spectroscopic data; (ii) the effect of a thiol chelating agent, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), either individually or in combination with the antioxidant vitamin C in reversing arsenic-fluoride toxicity; and (iii) whether combination therapy enhances arsenic and fluoride removal from blood and soft tissues.

Methods: Rats were exposed to arsenic (50 mg l-1) and fluoride (50 mg l-1) individually and in combination for 9 months and later administered DMSA (50 mg kg-1) via an i.

Follicular lymphoma transforming into anaplastic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of oral cavity: A case report with review of literature.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a common form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with the ability to transform into a more aggressive disease, frequently to B cell-lymphoblastic lymphoma. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a subtype of NHL, which is characterized by diffuse proliferation of large neoplastic B-lymphocytes. It accounts for 30% of all NHL and its occurrence in the mandible is very rare.

Comparison of Immunohistochemical Expression of Antiapoptotic Protein Survivin in Normal Oral Mucosa, Oral Leukoplakia, and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background. Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the sixth most frequent malignant tumor worldwide and the third most common cancers in developing countries. Oral leukoplakia is the best-known precursor lesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Management of Vaginal Cancer.

Context: Vaginal cancer is a rare gynecologic cancer with very little documentation.

Objective: Literature search to have useful information for the management of vaginal cancer and share.

Material Methods: We have searched the PUBMED database, Google search engine and other database.

Chemistry and pharmacological properties of some natural and synthetic antioxidants for heavy metal toxicity.

Heavy metals are known to cause oxidative deterioration of bio-molecules by initiating free radical mediated chain reaction resulting in lipid per-oxidation, protein oxidation and oxidation of nucleic acid like DNA and RNA. The development of effective dual functioning antioxidants, possessing both metal-chelating and free radical-scavenging properties should bring into play. Administration of natural and synthetic antioxidants like, quercetin, catechin, taurine, captopril, gallic acid, melatonin, N-acetyl cysteine, α- lipoic acid and others have been recognized in the disease prevention and clinical recovery against heavy metal intoxication.

A possible mechanism for combined arsenic and fluoride induced cellular and DNA damage in mice.

Arsenic and fluoride are major contaminants of drinking water. Mechanisms of toxicity following individual exposure to arsenic or fluoride are well known. However, it is not explicit how combined exposure to arsenic and fluoride leads to cellular and/or DNA damage.

Interactive effect of arsenic and fluoride on cardio-respiratory disorders in male rats: possible role of reactive oxygen species.

Epidemiological evidence demonstrates positive correlation between environmental and occupational arsenic or fluoride exposure and risk to various cardio-respiratory disorders. Arsenic-exposure has been associated with atherosclerosis, hypertension, cerebrovascular diseases, ischemic heart disease, and peripheral vascular disorders, whereas Fluoride-exposure manifests cardiac irregularities and low blood pressure (BP). Present study aims to study the combined effects of these toxicants on various cardio-respiratory variables in male rats.

Combined administration of taurine and monoisoamyl DMSA protects arsenic induced oxidative injury in rats.

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element that is ubiquitously present in the environment. High concentration of naturally occurring arsenic in drinking water is a major health problem in different parts of the world. Despite arsenic being a health hazard and a well documented carcinogen, no safe, effective and specific preventive or therapeutic measures are available.

Co-exposure to arsenic and fluoride on oxidative stress, glutathione linked enzymes, biogenic amines and DNA damage in mouse brain.

We studied the effects of combined exposure to arsenic and fluoride on (i) brain biogenic amines, oxidative stress and its correlation with glutathione and linked enzymes; (ii) alterations in the structural integrity of DNA; and (iii) brain and blood arsenic and fluoride levels. Efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in reducing these changes was also determined. Male mice were exposed to sodium meta arsenite (50 ppm) and sodium fluoride (50 ppm) individually and in combination for ten weeks.

Heavy metal induced oxidative stress & its possible reversal by chelation therapy.

Exposure to heavy metals is a common phenomenon due to their environmental pervasiveness. Metal intoxication particularly neurotoxicity, genotoxicity, or carcinogenicity is widely known. This review summarizes our current understanding about the mechanism by which metalloids or heavy metals (particularly arsenic, lead, cadmium and mercury) induce their toxic effects.

Vitamin E supplementation protects oxidative stress during arsenic and fluoride antagonism in male mice.

Arsenic and fluoride are common environmental contaminants. Coexposure to these elements can occur through groundwater. We investigated the effects of sodium meta arsenite (50 mg/L in drinking water) and sodium fluoride (50 mg/L in drinking water) individually and in combination.

Effects of individual and combined exposure to sodium arsenite and sodium fluoride on tissue oxidative stress, arsenic and fluoride levels in male mice.

Arsenic and fluoride are potent toxicants, widely distributed through drinking water and food and often result in adverse health effects. The present study examined the effects of sodium meta-arsenite (100 mg/l in drinking water) and sodium fluoride (5 mg/kg, oral, once daily), administered either alone or in combination for 8 weeks, on various biochemical variables indicative of tissue oxidative stress and cell injury in Swiss albino male mice. A separate group was first exposed to arsenic for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks of fluoride exposure.