A method to reduce heat strain while clad in encapsulating outerwear.

The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) increases the risk of heat related maladies. A means to enhance heat dissipation capacity of individuals clad in PPE would be of benefit. The glabrous skin regions of the hands, face, and feet are portals for direct heat transfer between the body core and the external environment.

Adaptive and pathological inhibition of neuroplasticity associated with circadian rhythms and sleep.

The circadian system organizes sleep and wake through imposing a daily cycle of sleep propensity on the organism. Sleep has been shown to play an important role in learning and memory. Apart from the daily cycle of sleep propensity, however, direct effects of the circadian system on learning and memory also have been well documented.

Activation of critical, host-induced, metabolic and stress pathways marks neutrophil entry into cystic fibrosis lungs.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) patients undergo progressive airway destruction caused in part by chronic neutrophilic inflammation. While opportunistic pathogens infecting CF airways can cause inflammation, we hypothesized that host-derived metabolic and stress signals would also play a role in this process. We show that neutrophils that have entered CF airways have increased phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 4E and its partner the 4E-binding protein 1; 2 key effectors in the growth factor- and amino acid-regulated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway.