Comparison of Digital Widefield Retinal Imaging With Indirect Ophthalmoscopy in Pediatric Patients.

Background And Objective: Approximately 16,000 children in the United States lose vision each year because of retinal disease. The authors compare digital ultra-widefield (UWF) photography to indirect ophthalmoscopy in children.

Patients And Methods: Prospective, single-center study of patients ages 3 to 17 years.

Prostaglandin E2 promotes features of replicative senescence in chronically activated human CD8+ T cells.

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), a pleiotropic immunomodulatory molecule, and its free radical catalyzed isoform, iso-PGE2, are frequently elevated in the context of cancer and chronic infection. Previous studies have documented the effects of PGE2 on the various CD4+ T cell functions, but little is known about its impact on cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes, the immune cells responsible for eliminating virally infected and tumor cells. Here we provide the first demonstration of the dramatic effects of PGE2 on the progression of human CD8+ T cells toward replicative senescence, a terminal dysfunctional state associated multiple pathologies during aging and chronic HIV-1 infection.