Coproantigen detection and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species among newborn and adult farm animals.

Cryptosporidium sp. is an obligatory intracellular apicomplexan protozoan parasite that causes a disease called cryptosporidiosis with substantial veterinary and medical importance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate an early diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis using the anti-Cryptosporidium parvum oocyst immunoglobulin IgG polyclonal antibodies (anti-C.

Molecular and serological diagnosis of the circulating Trypanosoma evansi in Egyptian livestock with risk factors assessment.

This study aimed to characterize and determine the prevalence and the associated risk factors of trypanosomiasis in different Egyptian livestock from various governorates using molecular and serological techniques, adding to an assessment of some biochemical alterations in serum samples. A total 1019 blood samples were collected from nine governorates in the period from January 2020 to September 2021 from cattle (n = 752), buffaloes (n = 42), sheep (n = 65), goats (n = 60), donkeys (n = 54), and horses (n = 46). Molecular investigation followed by sequencing confirmed the presence of only Trypanosoma evansi (T.

Serodiagnosis of nasal myasis in camels (Camelus dromedaries) in Egypt using third larval instar affinity-purified glycoprotein.

The larvae of Cephalopina titillator cause nasopharyngeal myiasis in camels, which parasitize the living tissues of the nasal and paranasal sinuses, pharynx, and larynx. C. titillator infestation adversely affects camel health, meat, and milk production, and can even cause death.

Medical prospects of cryptosporidiosis control using biofabricated nanoparticles loaded with extracts by .

Background And Aim: Global efforts are continuing to develop preparations against cryptosporidiosis. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of biosynthesized loading oil extract on new zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs shorten to ZnNPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as alternative treatments for experimental infection in rats.

Materials And Methods: Oil extract was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, loaded by on ionic-based ZnO and NPs, and then characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction.

A Cryptosporidium parvum vaccine candidate effect on immunohistochemical profiling of CD4, CD8, Caspase-3 and NF-κB in mice.

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite of medical and veterinary importance that causes neonatal diarrhea in many vertebrate hosts. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of an affinity-purified antigen as a C. parvum vaccine candidate using ileal and liver tissues of experimentally infected neonatal mice by immunohistochemical profiling and immune scoring of CD4, CD8, Caspase-3, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB).

A Novel Designed Sandwich ELISA for the Detection of Antigen in Camels for Diagnosis of Cystic Echinococcosis.

spp. are important cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic tapeworms that cause a disease called hydatidosis or cystic echinococcosis (CE), which has remarkable economic losses. The objective of our study was to develop a specific IgG polyclonal antigen-based ELISA (Sandwich ELISA; capture ELISA) method for the detection of circulating () antigens in camels infected with hydatid cysts before slaughtering and its application in serodiagnosis of CE in animals to assess the positive rate of hydatidosis in camels slaughtered in Giza governorate abattoirs in Egypt.

Evaluation of a vaccine candidate isolated from oocyst in mice.

Background And Aim: Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of diarrheal disease worldwide and is an animal and public health burden. This study aimed to evaluate the protective potential of affinity-purified oocyst antigen as a vaccine candidate according to fecal oocyst shedding, humoral and cellular immune responses, histopathological changes, and the number of parasite developmental stages in ileal and hepatic tissues.

Materials And Methods: We isolated oocysts from naturally infected buffalo calves and identified them molecularly as isolates (GenBank: ON730707 and ON730708) by targeting the oocyst wall protein gene.

Diagnosis and control of cryptosporidiosis in farm animals.

is a pathogenic protozoan parasite infecting the gastrointestinal epithelium of human and animal hosts. In farm animals, cryptosporidiosis causes significant economic losses including deaths in newborn animals, retarded growth, increased labor involved and high cost of drugs. The detection of oocysts in fecal samples is traditionally dependent on examination of stained slides by light microscope or by advanced microscopical tools such as: electron microscopy and phase contrast microscopy.

Molecular characterization of some equine vector-borne diseases and associated arthropods in Egypt.

Equine vector-borne diseases (EVBDs) are emerging and re-emerging diseases, and most of them are zoonotic. This study aimed to investigate EVBDs in equines and associated arthropods (ticks and flies) from Egypt using molecular analyses, in addition to a preliminary characterization of associated ticks and flies by the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and molecular techniques. In this study, 335 blood samples were obtained from equines that appeared to be in good health (320 horses and 15 donkeys) in Cairo and Beni Suef provinces, Egypt.

Biological control of Phlebotomus papatasi larvae by using entomopathogenic nematodes and its symbiotic bacterial toxins.

The sand fly Phlebotomus papatasi is an important disease-bearing vector. Five entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) - Steinernema carpocapsae DD136, Steinernema sp. (SII), S.

Therapeutic effect of Moringa oleifera and Thymus vulgaris oils against hepatic coccidiosis in experimentally infected rabbits.

The present study was conducted to detect the therapeutic effect of Moringa oleifera and Thymus vulgaris oils on hepatic coccidiosis in experimentally infected rabbits. Also, immunomodulatory effect of the two oils was detected. Twenty-four Newzealand rabbits were used in this study and divided into 4 groups; healthy rabbits, experimentally infected rabbits with Eimeria stiedae oocysts, and two infected treated groups (one with moringa (200 mg/kg) and the other with thyme (500 mg/kg) oils).

Copro-microscopical and immunological diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis in Egyptian buffalo-calves with special reference to their cytokine profiles.

Cryptosporidiosis is considered to be one of the most devasting gastrointestinal diseases in calves. The aim of this study was to investigate infection () in buffalo-calves with both copro-microscopic examination and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using two prepared antigens with regards to their cytokines profile; interferon- γ (IFN-γ), interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-14 to achieve a proper diagnosis. All collected buffalo- calves' fecal samples were examined by modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining technique.

Cellular immune response and scanning electron microscopy in the evaluation of Moringa leaves aqueous extract effect on in buffalo intestinal tissue explants.

is an apicomplexan parasite of human and animals and is considered as an important co-factor in neonatal diarrhea. In this study, an explant culture was used as an in vitro model of buffalo intestine to evaluate the effect of Moringa leaves extract on () oocysts using light and scanning electron microscopy and measuring IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-14 in the culture supernatants. oocysts were collected from naturally-infected calf feces, isolated, excysted and then co-inoculated with ileal tissue explants culture medium.

Anticryptosporidial effect of pomegranate peels water extract in experimentally infected mice with special reference to some biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity.

Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease caused by a well-known parasitic protozoan called Infection in livestock causes important economic losses among farm animals and its control has a global concern. In this study, internal white and external red layers were separated from pomegranate peels () then; they were grinded to reach Nano form. Anticryptosporidial effect of their water extracts was investigated in experimentally infected mice.

Comparative ovicidal activity of leaf extracts on eggs.

Background: Fasciolosis is an important zoonotic disease affecting the productive performance of farm animals in Egypt.

Aim: The aim of the present study was comparing the ovicidal effect of different extracts as an alcoholic (Methanolic and Ethanolic) and aqueous leaf extracts on non-embryonated and developed eggs.

Materials And Methods: Tested concentrations of extracts ranged from 12.

Protective effect of Eimeria stiedae coproantigen against hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits.

Immunization of rabbits against hepatic coccidiosis was tried. The animals were immunized twice with Eimeria stiedae coproantigen in freund's adjuvant with two week intervals. The rabbits were challenged orally with sporulated E.

Identification and diagnostic evaluation of cross-reactive antigen between hydatid cyst fluid of Echinococcus granulosus and Trichinella spiralis larval extract.

A cross reactive fraction was isolated from hydatid cyst fluid antigen of E. granulosus using CNBr Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography in which anti-T. spiralis antibodies were coupled with the column.

Trichinella spiralis: affinity purified antigen based diagnosis and immunoprophylaxis.

The current research introduces a trial to develop vaccine candidate against trichenosis. A method of affinity chromatography was adopted to purify a Trichinella spiralis larval extract. The isolated fraction resolved into six bands of 148 KDa, 133 KDa, 118.

Cross-protection induced by cross-reactive antigen against Fasciola gigantica and Trichinella spiralis infections.

Trichinella spiralis /Fasciola gigantica cross-reactive fraction was purified from T. spiralis larval extract by affinity column chromatography in which CNBr-Sepharose 4B was coupled with F. gigantica antibodies.

Induction of protective antibody response in rabbits against fascioliasis with Toxocara/Fasciola cross- reactive defined antigen.

A method of affinity chromatography purification of Toxocara vitulorum antigen cross- reacts with Fasciola gigantica antiserum is described. Characterization of the isolated cross- reactive fraction by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and amino acid analysis resulted in a fraction consists of five polypeptides of 137.7KDa, 81KDa, 75KDa, 48KDa and 21.

Fasciola gigantica: immunization of rabbits with proteins isolated from coproantigen.

Two fractions were isolated from coproantigen by ion-exchange chromatography in which DEAE cellulose was utilized. Both fractions and crude antigen were characterized by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which revealed 13 bands of molecular weight ranged from 205-31 in crude coproantigen. While fraction I resolved into six bands of molecular weight 198, 178, 148, 111, 101 & 45.

Comparative immunodiagnostic approach of toxocariasis in buffalo calves.

Five Toxocara vitulorum antigens were utilized to diagnose natural toxocariasis in buffalo calves by ELISA. Adult antigen was proved to be the most potent one. The second potent antigen was egg antigen followed by excretory secretory antigen of male worms then female worms.

Cross-reaction: a common trait among helminthes.

Cross-reaction between three important zoonotic helminths, Fasciola gigantica, Trichinella spiralis and Echinococcus granulosus, was proved by ELISA. Cross-binding activities in the prepared antisera were strongly directed towards protoscolices and hydatid fluid antigens of E. granulosus rather than to F.

Studies on the molluscicidal actvity of Calendula micrantha officinalis (Compositae) on fascioliasis transmitting snails.

The molluscicidal activity of ethanolic extracts of Calendula m. officinalis (flowers and leaves) was used as plant molluscicides against Lymnaea cailliaudi. The results indicated that flowers extract possess a molluscicidal activity more than leaves extract and the LC50 was 35 and 52.

Structural characterization and immunolocalization of egg antigens cross-react with Toxocara vitulorum, Fasciola gigantica and Moniezia expansa mature flukes.

A structural homology between eggs of Toxocara vitulorum, Fasciola gigantica and Moniezia expansa was proved by the use of SDS-PAGE. In immunoblot, 9, 11 and 7 polypeptides were recognized in F. gigantica, M.