The utility of recruitment incentives in early Alzheimer's disease trials.

Introduction: Amid recent approvals, early Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains an active area of treatment development.

Methods: We performed a conjoint experiment to compare preferences among 26 patients with mild cognitive impairment for four trial features including designs incorporating active aducanumab-control (vs. placebo), returning tau positron emission tomography (PET) results (vs.

Effect of Aducanumab Approval on Willingness to Participate in Preclinical Alzheimer's Disease Trials.

Background: Clinical trials now test promising therapies in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Participant willingness to enroll in different types of preclinical AD trials is understudied and whether the FDA approval of aducanumab affected these attitudes is unknown.

Objective: To evaluate preferences toward three preclinical AD trial scenarios and whether the FDA approval of aducanumab changed willingness to participate among potential trial participants.

Weight Loss, but Not Dairy Composition of Diet, Moderately Affects Satiety and Postprandial Gut Hormone Patterns in Adults.

Background: Inclusion of dairy in diet patterns has been shown to have mixed effects on weight loss. A prevailing hypothesis is that dairy improves weight loss by influencing endocrine systems associated with satiety and food intake regulation.

Objectives: The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of weight loss with or without adequate dietary dairy on subjective and objective appetitive measures.

Using Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing Results to Accelerate Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trial Recruitment.

Introduction: The apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene is the strongest known genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD). APOE can be used as an enrichment strategy or inclusion criterion for AD prevention trials. Personal genomics companies market direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests, including APOE.

Education and Message Framing Increase Willingness to Undergo Research Lumbar Puncture: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Reluctance to undergo lumbar puncture (LP) is a barrier to neurological disease biomarker research. We assessed whether an educational intervention increased willingness to consider research LP and whether message framing modified intervention effectiveness. We randomly assigned 851 recruitment registry enrollees who had previously indicated they were unwilling to be contacted about studies requiring LP to gain or loss framed video educational interventions describing the procedure and the probability of experiencing adverse events.

A randomized controlled-feeding trial based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans on cardiometabolic health indexes.

Background: The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommend nutrient needs be met by increasing fruit, vegetable, and whole-grain intake with the use of low-fat or fat-free dairy products and by reducing sodium, solid fats, and added sugars. However, the DGA, as a dietary pattern, have not been tested in an intervention trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a DGA-based diet compared with a representative typical American diet (TAD) on glucose homeostasis and fasting lipids in individuals at risk of cardiometabolic disease.

A Clear Difference Emerges in Hormone Patterns Following a Standard Midday Meal in Young Women Who Regularly Eat or Skip Breakfast.

Background: Multiple hormones are involved in the regulation of food intake and glucose metabolism. Past intervention studies showed a benefit of eating breakfast on satiety, but this was possibly confounded by the disruption of habitual meal patterns.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare hormonal responses, including insulin, leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1, ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY3-36), and cholecystokinin (CCK), between habitual breakfast eaters (Br-Es) and habitual skippers (Br-Ss) to a standard midday meal.

Constructing a Local Potential Participant Registry to Improve Alzheimer's Disease Clinical Research Recruitment.

Potential participant registries are tools to address the challenge of slow recruitment to clinical research. In particular, registries may aid recruitment to secondary prevention clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which enroll cognitively normal older individuals meeting specific genetic or biomarker criteria. Evidence of registry effectiveness is sparse, as is guidance on optimal designs or methods of conduct.

Participant Satisfaction With Learning Alzheimer Disease Clinical Trial Results.

To achieve the national agenda of developing improved therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD), greater community engagement and public trust are needed. Ensuring satisfaction among those enrolling in studies is one means to facilitate these goals. We performed telephone interviews to assess satisfaction with the disclosure of study results among thirteen individuals who were enrolled as participants or study partners in a Phase 3 clinical trial for mild AD.

A Potential Tool for Clinicians; Evaluating a Computer-Led Dietary Assessment Method in Overweight and Obese Women during Weight Loss.

Many Americans are attempting to lose weight with the help of healthcare professionals. Clinicians can improve weight loss results by using technology. Accurate dietary assessment is crucial to effective weight loss.

Chronic Stress Is Associated with Indicators of Diet Quality in Habitual Breakfast Skippers.

Background: Previous studies suggest skipping breakfast is associated with lower diet quality, but possible reasons underlying this relationship are not clear.

Objective: Our aim was to determine the relationship between chronic stress and variations in diet quality in the context of breakfast eating or breakfast skipping.

Design: Based on morning eating habits, 40 breakfast eaters and 35 breakfast skippers participated in a cross-sectional study.

Female breakfast skippers display a disrupted cortisol rhythm and elevated blood pressure.

Chronic stress and over-activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may link breakfast skipping and poor cardiometabolic health. Missing the first major meal of the day in rodents prolongs elevated circulating corticosterone at a time when it's normally decreasing. To extend these findings to humans, we hypothesized that habitual breakfast skippers would display a similar pattern of circulating cortisol and alterations in meal and stress-induced cortisol reactions.

Associations among endocrine, inflammatory, and bone markers, body composition and weight loss induced bone loss.

Introduction: Weight loss reduces co-morbidities of obesity, but decreases bone mass.

Purpose: Our aims were to (1) determine if adequate dairy intake attenuates weight loss-induced bone loss; (2) evaluate the associations of endocrine, inflammatory and bone markers, anthropometric and other parameters to bone mineral density and content (BMD, BMC) pre- and post-weight loss; and (3) model the contribution of these variables to post weight-loss BMD and BMC.

Methods: Overweight/obese women (BMI: 28-37 kg/m2) were enrolled in an energy reduced (-500 kcal/d; -2092 kJ/d) diet with adequate dairy (AD: 3-4 servings/d; n=25, 32.

Dairy food consumption and meal-induced cortisol response interacted to influence weight loss in overweight women undergoing a 12-week, meal-controlled, weight loss intervention.

Dairy food enhances weight loss in animal models, possibly by modifying the metabolic effects of cortisol. This study determined in overweight women (ages 20.0-45.

Dairy Foods in a Moderate Energy Restricted Diet Do Not Enhance Central Fat, Weight, and Intra-Abdominal Adipose Tissue Losses nor Reduce Adipocyte Size or Inflammatory Markers in Overweight and Obese Adults: A Controlled Feeding Study.

Background. Research on dairy foods to enhance weight and fat loss when incorporated into a modest weight loss diet has had mixed results. Objective.

Performance on the Iowa Gambling Task is related to magnitude of weight loss and salivary cortisol in a diet-induced weight loss intervention in overweight women.

The overall objective of this study was to examine the relationship between executive function, specifically decision-making, and weight loss. We used the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) to characterize decision-making and compared performance on this task to weight loss in obese women (n=29) participating in a 12-week controlled, calorie-reduced intervention. We hypothesized that a greater amount of weight loss over the course of the intervention would be associated with better performance on the IGT, assessed at the end of the intervention.