Deep Brain Stimulation and Swimming Performance: A Randomized Within-Person Crossover Study.

Objective: To determine whether deep brain stimulation (DBS) causes swimming impairment, we systematically compared swimming ability between DBS on vs off in 18 patients.

Methods: We conducted a randomized blinded crossover study, comparing swimming ability between DBS on vs off, within participants. Participants swam 3 laps of front crawl and 3 laps of breaststroke.

Modulation of saccades in humans by electrical stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area.

Objective: Posterior subthalamic area (PSA) deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the zona incerta (ZI) is an emerging treatment for tremor syndromes, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET). Evidence from animal studies has indicated that the ZI may play a role in saccadic eye movements via pathways between the ZI and superior colliculus (incerto-collicular pathways). PSA DBS permitted testing this hypothesis in humans.

Dystonic tics induced by deep brain stimulation of the posterior subthalamic area for essential tremor.

OBJECTIVE The posterior subthalamic area (PSA) is a promising target of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for medication-refractory essential tremor (ET). This case series describes a novel adverse effect manifesting as dystonic tics in patients with ET undergoing DBS of the PSA. METHODS Six patients with ET received electrode implants for DBS of the dorsal and caudal zona incerta subregions of the PSA.

Drowning hazard with deep brain stimulation: case report.

The caudal zona incerta target within the posterior subthalamic area is an investigational site for deep brain stimulation (DBS) in Parkinson disease (PD) and tremor. The authors report on a patient with tremor-predominant PD who, despite excellent tremor control and an otherwise normal neurological examination, exhibited profound difficulty swimming during stimulation. Over the last 20 years, anecdotal reports have been received of 3 other patients with PD who underwent thalamic or pallidal lesioning or DBS surgery performed at the authors' center and subsequently drowned.

Effect of graded fructose coingestion with maltodextrin on exogenous 14C-fructose and 13C-glucose oxidation efficiency and high-intensity cycling performance.

The ingestion of solutions containing carbohydrates with different intestinal transport mechanisms (e.g., fructose and glucose) produce greater carbohydrate and water absorption compared with single-carbohydrate solutions.

Exercise can be pyrogenic in humans.

Exercise increases mean body temperature (T(body)) and cytokine concentrations in plasma. Cytokines facilitate PG production via cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, and PGE(2) can mediate fever. Therefore, we used a COX-2 inhibitor to test the hypothesis that PG-mediated pyrogenicity may contribute to the raised T(body) in exercising humans.

Attenuated gastric distress but no benefit to performance with adaptation to octanoate-rich esterified oils in well-trained male cyclists.

We investigated the effects of modifying a normal dietary fatty acid composition and ingestion of high-fat exercise supplements on gastrointestinal distress, substrate oxidation, and endurance cycling performance. Nine well-trained male cyclists completed a randomized triple-crossover comprising a 2-wk diet high in octanoate-rich esterified oil (MCFA) or twice long-chain fatty acids (LCFA). Following the diets, participants performed 3-h of cycling at 50% of peak power followed by 10 maximal sprints while ingesting either 1) a carbohydrate (CHO)+MCFA-rich oil emulsion after the 2-wk MCFA-rich dietary condition (MC-MC, Intervention) and 2) after one of the LCFA-rich dietary conditions (LC-MC, Placebo) or 3) CHO only following a LCFA-rich diet (LC-CHO, Control).