A chromosome-level genome assembly of the mountain lion, Puma concolor.

Mountain lions, Puma concolor, are widespread and adaptable carnivores. However, due to their large home ranges and long distance dispersals, they are strongly impacted by habitat fragmentation, which results in small and isolated populations. Genomic analyses play an important role in understanding and predicting the impacts of increased isolation of populations, such as decreased genetic diversity and increased levels of inbreeding.

Reprint of: Impact of a pharmacist-led weight management service in a cardiology clinic.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for weight management require frequent dose titration, patient education, and insurance coverage navigation, which pharmacists are well equipped to manage. Data are lacking regarding the benefit of a pharmacist-managed service using GLP-1 RAs for weight loss in a high-risk cardiac population.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led weight loss service within a cardiology clinic using GLP-1 RAs and lifestyle counseling in patients with overweight and obesity.

A genome assembly of the American black bear, Ursus americanus, from California.

The American black bear, Ursus americanus, is a widespread and ecologically important species in North America. In California, the black bear plays an important role in a variety of ecosystems and serves as an important species for recreational hunting. While research suggests that the populations in California are currently healthy, continued monitoring is critical, with genomic analyses providing an important surveillance tool.

Pharmacist optimization of lipid therapy in patients with peripheral vascular disease.

Purpose: American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines recommend high-intensity statin therapy and consideration for nonstatin therapy for patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD); however, utilization rates remain suboptimal. The primary objective of this study was to determine whether pharmacist intervention for patients with PVD could improve the percentage of patients discharged on a high-intensity statin.

Methods: The study used a single-center pre/post design and included patients with PVD who underwent peripheral bypass during their admission.

Impact of a pharmacist-led weight management service in a cardiology clinic.

Background: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) for weight management require frequent dose titration, patient education, and insurance coverage navigation, which pharmacists are well equipped to manage. Data are lacking regarding the benefit of a pharmacist-managed service using GLP-1 RAs for weight loss in a high-risk cardiac population.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a pharmacist-led weight loss service within a cardiology clinic using GLP-1 RAs and lifestyle counseling in patients with overweight and obesity.

A polar bear paleogenome reveals extensive ancient gene flow from polar bears into brown bears.

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and brown bears (Ursus arctos) are sister species possessing distinct physiological and behavioural adaptations that evolved over the last 500,000 years. However, comparative and population genomics analyses have revealed that several extant and extinct brown bear populations have relatively recent polar bear ancestry, probably as the result of geographically localized instances of gene flow from polar bears into brown bears. Here, we generate and analyse an approximate 20X paleogenome from an approximately 100,000-year-old polar bear that reveals a massive prehistoric admixture event, which is evident in the genomes of all living brown bears.

Glacial ice supports a distinct and undocumented polar bear subpopulation persisting in late 21st-century sea-ice conditions.

Polar bears are susceptible to climate warming because of their dependence on sea ice, which is declining rapidly. We present the first evidence for a genetically distinct and functionally isolated group of polar bears in Southeast Greenland. These bears occupy sea-ice conditions resembling those projected for the High Arctic in the late 21st century, with an annual ice-free period that is >100 days longer than the estimated fasting threshold for the species.

Author Correction: 863 genomes reveal the origin and domestication of chicken.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

863 genomes reveal the origin and domestication of chicken.

Despite the substantial role that chickens have played in human societies across the world, both the geographic and temporal origins of their domestication remain controversial. To address this issue, we analyzed 863 genomes from a worldwide sampling of chickens and representatives of all four species of wild jungle fowl and each of the five subspecies of red jungle fowl (RJF). Our study suggests that domestic chickens were initially derived from the RJF subspecies Gallus gallus spadiceus whose present-day distribution is predominantly in southwestern China, northern Thailand and Myanmar.

Author Correction: Puma genomes from North and South America provide insights into the genomic consequences of inbreeding.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Puma genomes from North and South America provide insights into the genomic consequences of inbreeding.

Pumas are the most widely distributed felid in the Western Hemisphere. Increasingly, however, human persecution and habitat loss are isolating puma populations. To explore the genomic consequences of this isolation, we assemble a draft puma genome and a geographically broad panel of resequenced individuals.

Depletion of Hemoglobin Transcripts and Long-Read Sequencing Improves the Transcriptome Annotation of the Polar Bear ().

Transcriptome studies evaluating whole blood and tissues are often confounded by overrepresentation of highly abundant transcripts. These abundant transcripts are problematic, as they compete with and prevent the detection of rare RNA transcripts, obscuring their biological importance. This issue is more pronounced when using long-read sequencing technologies for isoform-level transcriptome analysis, as they have relatively lower throughput compared to short-read sequencers.

Landscape genomic prediction for restoration of a foundation species under climate change.

As species face rapid environmental change, we can build resilient populations through restoration projects that incorporate predicted future climates into seed sourcing decisions. is a foundation species of a critically endangered community in Australia that is a target for restoration. We examined genomic and phenotypic variation to make empirical based recommendations for seed sourcing.

Complex modular architecture around a simple toolkit of wing pattern genes.

Identifying the genomic changes that control morphological variation and understanding how they generate diversity is a major goal of evolutionary biology. In butterflies, a small number of genes control the development of diverse wing color patterns. Here, we used full genome sequencing of individuals across the radiation and closely related species to characterize genomic variation associated with wing pattern diversity.

Genomic diversity guides conservation strategies among rare terrestrial orchid species when taxonomy remains uncertain.

Background And Aims: Species are often used as the unit for conservation, but may not be suitable for species complexes where taxa are difficult to distinguish. Under such circumstances, it may be more appropriate to consider species groups or populations as evolutionarily significant units (ESUs). A population genomic approach was employed to investigate the diversity within and among closely related species to create a more robust, lineage-specific conservation strategy for a nationally endangered terrestrial orchid and its relatives from south-eastern Australia.

The gene cortex controls mimicry and crypsis in butterflies and moths.

The wing patterns of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) are diverse and striking examples of evolutionary diversification by natural selection. Lepidopteran wing colour patterns are a key innovation, consisting of arrays of coloured scales. We still lack a general understanding of how these patterns are controlled and whether this control shows any commonality across the 160,000 moth and 17,000 butterfly species.

The genomics of an adaptive radiation: insights across the Heliconius speciation continuum.

Fueled by new technologies that allow rapid and inexpensive assessment of fine scale individual genomic variation, researchers are making transformational discoveries at the interface between genomes and biological complexity. Here we review genomic research in Heliconius butterflies - a radiation characterized by extraordinary phenotypic diversity in warningly colored wing patterns and composed of a continuum of taxa across the stages of speciation. These characteristics, coupled with a 50-year legacy of ecological and behavioral research, offer exceptional prospects for genomic studies into the nature of adaptive differences and the formation of new species.

Genomic architecture of adaptive color pattern divergence and convergence in Heliconius butterflies.

Identifying the genetic changes driving adaptive variation in natural populations is key to understanding the origins of biodiversity. The mosaic of mimetic wing patterns in Heliconius butterflies makes an excellent system for exploring adaptive variation using next-generation sequencing. In this study, we use a combination of techniques to annotate the genomic interval modulating red color pattern variation, identify a narrow region responsible for adaptive divergence and convergence in Heliconius wing color patterns, and explore the evolutionary history of these adaptive alleles.

Comparative activities of telavancin combined with nafcillin, imipenem, and gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus.

Beta-lactams enhance the killing activity of vancomycin. Due to structural and mechanistic similarities between vancomycin and telavancin, we investigated the activity of telavancin combined with nafcillin and imipenem compared to the known synergistic combination of telavancin and gentamicin. Thirty strains of Staphylococcus aureus, 10 methicillin-susceptible S.