Objective: To define the source and the course of the articular branches to the midthoracic zygapophysial ("z") joints.
Design: Cadaveric dissection.
Setting: The Gross Anatomy Laboratory of the Duke University School of Medicine.
Objective: The goal of the study was to determine the potential impact of system inaccuracies and table attenuation on fluoroscope-reported dose values.
Design: An Institutional Review Board-approved study was conducted to collect detailed acquisition and patient exposure data for fluoroscopy-guided lumbar epidural injections.
Background: System-reported dosimetry values, especially the air Kinetic Energy Released per unit MAss and dose-area product metrics, are routinely used for estimating the radiation burden to patients undergoing fluoroscopy-guided procedures.