Differential psychological reactions to grief: The role of childhood adversity for depression symptoms among bereaved and non-bereaved adults.

Childhood maltreatment dysregulates an individual's physiological response to stress, increasing reactivity to stressors across the lifespan. Given the prevalence and impact of bereavement, we examined whether the association between childhood maltreatment and depression was exacerbated by spousal bereavement. We identified an interaction between childhood maltreatment and bereavement using linear regression analysis ( = 0.

Real-time ultrasound-guided pigtail catheter chest drain for complicated parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children - 16-year, single-centre experience of radiologically placed drains.

Background: Chest tube drainage with fibrinolytics is a cost-effective treatment option for parapneumonic effusion and empyema in children. Although the additional use of ultrasound (US) guidance is recommended, this is rarely performed in real time to direct drain insertion.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of real-time US-guided, radiologically placed chest drains at a tertiary university hospital.