Identifying sensory attributes of Korean rice wine (makgeolli) using sensory evaluation and chemical analysis.

Makgeolli is a traditional alcoholic beverage in Korea; however, research on makgeolli is limited in foreign markets such as New Zealand. This study seeks to identify sensory descriptors that best describe makgeolli among New Zealand consumers. Four methods of making makgeolli have been identified based on different processing times and the number of fermentation stages.

HIV gp120 impairs nucleus accumbens neuroimmune function and dopamine D3 receptor-mediated inhibition of cocaine seeking in male rats.

Cocaine Use Disorders (CUDs) are associated with an increased risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Cocaine and the HIV envelope protein gp120 each induce distinct deficits to mesocorticolimbic circuit function and motivated behavior; however, little is known regarding how they interact to dysregulate these functions or how such interactions impact pharmacotherapeutic efficacy. We have previously shown that the selective, weak partial agonist of the dopamine D3 receptor (D3R), MC-25-41, attenuates cocaine-seeking behavior in male rats.

Characterisation of Korean rice wine () prepared by different processing methods.

Four methods of preparing a traditional Korean turbid rice wine, were reported in this study. The four processing routes include single-stage simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of glutinous rice with - a Korean starter culture (1SF-N), single-stage fermentation with and yeast (1SF-YN), two-stage fermentation (2SF) and three-stage fermentation (3SF). Chemical analysis was used to determine how the different processing routes could affect the rice wine's properties in terms of alcohol content, pH, colour, mineral content, proximate composition, antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, sugar, free amino acid, and organic acid profile.

Newborn screening research sponsored by the NIH: From diagnostic paradigms to precision therapeutics.

Newborn screening (NBS) is a successful public health initiative that effectively identifies pre-symptomatic neonates so that treatment can be initiated before the onset of irreversible morbidity and mortality. Legislation passed in 2008 has supported a system of state screening programs, educational resources, and an evidence-based review process to add conditions to a recommended universal newborn screening panel (RUSP). The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), NIH, has promoted NBS research to advance legislative goals by supporting research that will uncover fundamental mechanisms of disease, develop treatments for NBS disorders, and promote pilot studies to test implementation of new conditions.

An orthologous gene coevolution network provides insight into eukaryotic cellular and genomic structure and function.

The evolutionary rates of functionally related genes often covary. We present a gene coevolution network inferred from examining nearly 3 million orthologous gene pairs from 332 budding yeast species spanning ~400 million years of evolution. Network modules provide insight into cellular and genomic structure and function.

Nuclear factor kappa B signaling within the rat nucleus accumbens core sex-dependently regulates cue-induced cocaine seeking and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression.

Chronic drug self-administration and withdrawal are associated with distinct neuroimmune adaptations that may increase drug craving and relapse vulnerability in humans. The nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) pathway is a critical regulator of many immune- and addiction-related genes such as the extracellular matrix enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which is a known modulator of learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity. While some studies suggest striatal NF-κB signaling may regulate drug-conditioned behavior, no studies to date have examined whether NF-κB signaling within the nucleus accumbens core (NAc core) alters downstream neuroimmune function and cue-motivated cocaine seeking following a period of forced abstinence, whether any effects are specific to cocaine over other reinforcers, or whether sex differences exist.

High Olfactory Receptor-Rich 11q11 Copy Number in Girls and African American Children.

Copy number variants (CNVs) provide numerous genetic differences between individuals, and they have been linked with multiple human diseases. Obesity is one of the highly heritable complex disorders, which is associated with copy number variance (CNV). A recent report shows that the 11q11 gene, a novel olfactory receptor, and its copy number variants are involved in the early onset of obesity.

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Requirement for Macrophage Regeneration Is Tissue Specific.

Tissue-resident macrophages (TRMΦ) are important immune sentinels responsible for maintaining tissue and immune homeostasis within their specific niche. Recently, the origins of TRMΦ have undergone intense scrutiny, in which now most TRMΦ are thought to originate early during embryonic development independent of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We previously characterized two distinct subsets of mouse peritoneal cavity macrophages (MΦ) (large and small peritoneal MΦ) whose origins and relationship to both fetal and adult long-term (LT) HSCs have not been fully investigated.

Recovery support specialists inside the jail: a program description of treatment engagement for opioid use disorder.

Purpose: People living with opioid use disorder (OUD) disproportionately encounter the criminal justice system. Although incarcerated individuals with OUD face higher risk for withdrawals, relapses and overdoses, most jails fail to offer comprehensive medications for OUD (MOUD), including recovery support services and transition of care to a community provider. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of a comprehensive MOUD program at a large county jail system in Maricopa County, Arizona.

Examination of Gene Loss in the DNA Mismatch Repair Pathway and Its Mutational Consequences in a Fungal Phylum.

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathway corrects mismatched bases produced during DNA replication and is highly conserved across the tree of life, reflecting its fundamental importance for genome integrity. Loss of function in one or a few MMR genes can lead to increased mutation rates and microsatellite instability, as seen in some human cancers. Although loss of MMR genes has been documented in the context of human disease and in hypermutant strains of pathogens, examples of entire species and species lineages that have experienced substantial MMR gene loss are lacking.

A Clinical PET Imaging Tracer ([F]DASA-23) to Monitor Pyruvate Kinase M2-Induced Glycolytic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma.

Purpose: Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) catalyzes the final step in glycolysis, a key process of cancer metabolism. PKM2 is preferentially expressed by glioblastoma (GBM) cells with minimal expression in healthy brain. We describe the development, validation, and translation of a novel PET tracer to study PKM2 in GBM.

Mental Health Conditions Among Community College Students: A National Study of Prevalence and Use of Treatment Services.

Objective: This study estimated the prevalence of self-reported symptoms of mental health problems and treatment utilization in a U.S. national sample of community college students and made comparisons with data from a sample of students at 4-year educational institutions.

Telomere Length as a Biomarker for Race-Related Health Disparities.

Disparities between the races have been well documented in health and disease in the USA. Recent studies show that telomere length, a marker of aging, is associated with obesity and obesity-related diseases, such as heart disease and diabetes. The current study aimed to evaluate the connection between telomere length ratio, blood pressure, and childhood obesity.

The immediate and prolonged effects of military body armor on the relative timing of thorax and pelvis rotations during toe-touch and two-legged squat tasks.

Although military body armor is an effective life saver, it considerably loads more weight on the warfighters, increasing the risk of musculoskeletal injury. This study investigated the immediate and prolonged effects of wearing body armor on timing aspect of lumbo-pelvic coordination during the toe-touch (TT) and two-legged-squat (TLS) tests. A cross-over study design was used wherein twelve asymptomatic and gender-balanced individuals completed two experimental sessions with and without body armor.

DNA copy number and structural variation (CNV) contributions to adult and childhood obesity.

In recent years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and has become a major public health concern. The development of obesity is likely caused by several behavioral, environmental, and genetic factors. Genomic variability among individuals is largely due to copy number variations (CNVs).

Integration of Health and Social Services at the Systems Level: A Framework for Addressing Funding and Jurisdictional Silos.

To examine spending and resource allocation decision-making to address health and social service integration challenges within and between governments. We performed a mixed methods case study to examine the integration of health and social services in a large US metropolitan area, including a city and a county government. Analyses incorporated annual budget data from the city and the county from 2009 to 2018 and semistructured interviews with 41 key leaders, including directors, deputies, or finance officers from all health care-, health-, or social service-oriented city and county agencies; lead budget and finance managers; and city and county executive offices.

Association of Salivary Amylase () Gene Copy Number with Obesity in Alabama Elementary School Children.

Salivary amylase (AMY1) is the most abundant enzyme in human saliva, responsible for the hydrolysis of α-1,4 glycosidic linkages that aids in the digestion of starch. Recently studies have shown that the copy number of AMY1 is associated with obesity; however, the data varies with location. One-third of children are overweight/obese in Alabama.

Comparative effectiveness of natural by-products and synthetic sorbents in oil spill booms.

Sorbent booms are considered a 'first line of defence' technology used for containing and minimizing the impacts of crude oil spills. Booms containing human hair waste as sorbent were compared to other natural sorbents, including cotton by-product, recycled cellulose, as well as booms containing synthetic polypropylene, in order to evaluate their effectiveness in adsorbing petroleum crude oil pollution, remaining buoyant, and adsorbing seawater. A series of oceanic mesocosm experiments were used to simulate oil spill pollution events and to test sorbent effectiveness.

Pain Assessment Documentation After Opioid Administration at a Community Teaching Hospital.

Purpose: To compare pain assessment documentation postopioid administration in hospitalized patients before and after implementing nurse education.

Methods: Patients 18 years and older were randomly selected for inclusion if they received 1 opioid dose while admitted to the hospital. Through retrospective chart review, opioid data, including date and time, were collected for each opioid administered.

Fetal Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Fails to Fully Regenerate the B-Lymphocyte Compartment.

B cells are key components of cellular and humoral immunity and, like all lymphocytes, are thought to originate and renew from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, our recent single-HSC transfer studies demonstrate that adult bone marrow HSCs do not regenerate B-1a, a subset of tissue B cells required for protection against pneumonia, influenza, and other infections. Since B-1a are regenerated by transfers of fetal liver, the question arises as to whether B-1a derive from fetal, but not adult, HSCs.

The effects of military body armour on the lower back and knee mechanics during box drop and prone to standing tasks.

Modern day body armour (BA) has been successful at increasing survivability from previously lethal explosives; however, it has been suggested to reduce warfighter's performance and increase risk of injury. Joint biomechanics have a foremost impact on performance and risk of injury. The immediate and prolonged effects of wearing BA on biomechanics of the lower back and knee during box drop (BD) and prone to standing tasks were investigated.

Characterization of a ricin-resistant mutant of Leishmania donovani that expresses lipophosphoglycan.

The abundant cell-surface lipophosphoglycan (LPG) of Leishmania parasites plays a central role throughout the eukaryote's life cycle. A number of LPG-defective mutants and their complementing genes have been isolated and have proven invaluable in assessing the importance of LPG and related glycoconjugates in parasite virulence. While ricin agglutination selection protocols frequently result in lpg- mutants, one  Leishmania donovani variant we isolated, named JABBA, was found to be lpg+.

The effects of military body armour on the lower back and knee mechanics during toe-touch and two-legged squat tasks.

Unlabelled: While effective in the prevention of otherwise lethal injuries, military body armour (BA) has been suggested to reduce warfighter's performance and increase injury-related musculoskeletal conditions. Providing the significant role of joint biomechanics in both performance and risk of injury, the immediate and prolonged effects of wearing BA on biomechanics of the lower back and knee during toe-touch (TT) and two-legged squat (TLS) tasks were investigated. The immediate effects of BA were an increase of >40 ms (p ≤ 0.

Differences in leaf flammability, leaf traits and flammability-trait relationships between native and exotic plant species of dry sclerophyll forest.

The flammability of plant leaves influences the spread of fire through vegetation. Exotic plants invading native vegetation may increase the spread of bushfires if their leaves are more flammable than native leaves. We compared fresh-leaf and dry-leaf flammability (time to ignition) between 52 native and 27 exotic plant species inhabiting dry sclerophyll forest.