Facial Gender-Affirming Surgery: Frontal Bossing Surgical Techniques, Outcomes and Safety.

Background: Facial gender-affirming surgery (FGAS) is described as a set of surgical procedures done to feminize the soft tissue and the facial skeleton, allowing for transfeminine individuals to be recognizable as women to others. It is established in the literature that the most significant facial area for determination of gender is the forehead (Spiegel in Laryngoscope 121:250-261, 2011). This article describes the author's three main surgical techniques used in forehead feminization and reports on the results.