Echocardiographic evaluation in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio) under manual restraint compared to anesthesia with isoeugenol.

Objective: To establish an echocardiographic technique in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), compare cardiopulmonary parameters under manual restraint versus anesthesia, and provide a gross anatomical and histologic cardiac description.

Methods: A randomized, crossover echocardiography study was performed in 40 clinically healthy adult, unknown sex, privately owned koi carp on May 10 and 11 through June 26 and 27, 2021. Echocardiography was examined for each koi under manual restraint and isoeugenol at 50 ppm, with 3 measurements per examination performed by a radiologist and cardiologist.

Plasma and interstitial fluid antibiotic levels of subcutaneously implanted compounded florfenicol calcium sulfate beads in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Objective: To determine antibiotic levels in plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) after SC placement of compounded florfenicol (FF) calcium sulfate beads (CSBs) in New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).

Animals: 6 juvenile female rabbits (n = 5 treatment and 1 control).

Methods: An ultrafiltration probe and CSBs were placed SC in 6 rabbits (n = 5 for FF CSBs and 1 for control CSBs).

Chronic mandibular osteomyelitis associated with a novel probable Kocuria sp in a sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps).

Dental disease in sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) is understudied, with only limited clinical and pathological data available. An approximately 7-year-old female sugar glider presented to its primary care veterinarian for a decline in food intake, rapid weight loss and a mass involving the rostral mandible. At necropsy, the mandibular mass effaced most of the rostral mandible and adjacent musculature.

Effect of refrigeration of clinical canine urine samples on quantitative bacterial culture.

OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of 24 hours of refrigeration on urine samples collected from dogs with signs of urinary tract infection (UTI). DESIGN Prospective cross-sectional study. ANIMALS 104 dogs with signs consistent with UTI that had a urine sample collected via cystocentesis as part of their diagnostic workup.

A novel role for epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and its downstream endoplasmic reticulum stress in cardiac damage and microvascular dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFRtk) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress are important factors in cardiovascular complications. Understanding whether enhanced EGFRtk activity and ER stress induction are involved in cardiac damage, and microvascular dysfunction in type 1 diabetes mellitus is an important question that has remained unanswered. Cardiac fibrosis and microvascular function were determined in C57BL/6J mice injected with streptozotocin only or in combination with EGFRtk inhibitor (AG1478), ER stress inhibitor (Tudca), or insulin for 2 weeks.

Endoplasmic reticulum stress is involved in cardiac damage and vascular endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive mice.

Objective: Cardiac damage and vascular dysfunction are major causes of morbidity and mortality in hypertension. In the present study, we explored the beneficial therapeutic effect of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inhibition on cardiac damage and vascular dysfunction in hypertension.

Methods And Results: Mice were infused with angiotensin II (400 ng/kg per minute) with or without ER stress inhibitors (taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid and 4-phenylbutyric acid) for 2 weeks.

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibition improves coronary arteriole function in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with microvascular dysfunction. We hypothesized that increased poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) activity contributes to microvascular dysfunction in T2DM. T2DM (db(-)/db(-)) and nondiabetic control (db(-)/db(+)) mice were treated with 2 different PARP-1 inhibitors (INO-1001, 5 mg/kg per day and ABT-888, 15 mg/kg per day) for 2 weeks.

Chronic inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation prevents ischaemia-induced vascular pathology in type II diabetic mice.

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation are important mechanisms that underlie many of the serious consequences of type II diabetes. However, the role of ER stress and inflammation in impaired ischaemia-induced neovascularization in type II diabetes is unknown. We studied ischaemia-induced neovascularization in the hind-limb of 4-week-old db - /db- mice and their controls treated with or without the ER stress inhibitor (tauroursodeoxycholic acid, TUDCA, 150 mg/kg per day) and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (anakinra, 0.

Chronic inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) augments vascular response to limb ischemia in type 2 diabetic mice.

Type 2 diabetes is a key risk factor for ischemia-dependent pathology; therefore, a significant medical need exists to develop novel therapies that increase the formation of new vessels. We explored the therapeutic potential of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFRtk) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibition in impaired ischemia-induced neovascularization in type 2 diabetes. Unilateral femoral artery ligation was performed in diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) and their control (db(-)/db(+)) mice for 4 weeks, followed by treatments with EGFRtk and ERK1/2 inhibitors (AG1478, 10 mg/kg/day and U0126, 400 μg/kg/day, respectively) for 3 weeks.

Interleukin-10 released by CD4(+)CD25(+) natural regulatory T cells improves microvascular endothelial function through inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity in hypertensive mice.

Objective: We previously demonstrated that a reduced number of CD(4+)CD(25+)-regulatory T cells (Tregs) was associated with microvascular dysfunction in hypertension. However, the underlying mechanism by which Tregs regulate vascular endothelial function remains unknown.

Methods And Results: Control and interleukin (IL)-10(-/-) knockout mice were infused with angiotensin II (400 ng/kg/min) for 2 weeks (hypertensive [HT] and HT-IL-10(-/-)).

Natural regulatory T cells control coronary arteriolar endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive mice.

Coronary artery disease in patients with hypertension is increasing worldwide and leads to severe cardiovascular complications. The cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie this pathologic condition are not well understood. Experimental and clinical research indicates that immune cells and inflammation play a central role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.

Mechanisms of myogenic tone of coronary arteriole: Role of down stream signaling of the EGFR tyrosine kinase.

Background And Purpose: we previously showed that epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFRtk) is essential in the development of myogenic tone. GRB2-SOS, protein kinase B (Akt), Janus kinase (JAK), and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) are activated by stretch. Thus, we hypothesized that GRB2-SOS, Akt, JAK and STAT3 are downstream signaling of the EGFR and play role in myogenic tone.

Modified multipotent stromal cells with epidermal growth factor restore vasculogenesis and blood flow in ischemic hind-limb of type II diabetic mice.

Diabetes is increasing in the world and causes severe cardiovascular complications. Diabetes-induced limb ischemia leads to foot amputation and therapeutic remedies are urgently needed. Here we report that local injection of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) prestimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) restored blood flow and vasculogenesis in the ischemic hind-limb of type II diabetic (db(-)/db(-)) mice.