Publications by authors named "Megan Mcnichol"
The Clever Hans effect occurs when machine learning models rely on spurious correlations instead of clinically relevant features and poses significant challenges to the development of reliable artificial intelligence (AI) systems in medical imaging. This scoping review provides an overview of methods for identifying and addressing the Clever Hans effect in medical imaging AI algorithms. A total of 173 papers published between 2010 and 2024 were reviewed, and 37 articles were selected for detailed analysis, with classification into two categories: detection and mitigation approaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Online websites are a major source of educational material for patients undergoing thyroidectomy. We hypothesize that thyroidectomy websites have low quality and are written above the 6 grade readability recommendation.
Methods: A systematic literature review of studies evaluating readability and/or quality of thyroidectomy-informing, English-written websites was performed in November 2023 in three major online databases (Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science).
Article Synopsis
- - The treatment of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is difficult due to a lack of standardized guidelines and effective options, prompting a systematic review of biologic therapies.
- - Researchers analyzed 82 studies involving 108 patients and found that Infliximab, adalimumab, and etanercept were the most commonly used biologics, with 88.9% of patients experiencing complete recovery.
- - On average, patients showed improvement within 30 days and full resolution in about 161 days; however, there was a recurrence rate of 15.5% among those tracked.
Background: Optimal anticoagulation management in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) experiencing splanchnic vein thrombosis (SpVT) requires balancing risks of bleeding and recurrent thrombosis.
Objectives: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the incidence of bleeding and thrombosis recurrence in patients with MPN-SpVT.
Methods: We included retrospective or prospective studies in English with ≥10 adult patients with MPN-SpVT.
Importance: Climate change may increase the risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes by causing direct physiologic changes, psychological distress, and disruption of health-related infrastructure. Yet, the association between numerous climate change-related environmental stressors and the incidence of adverse cardiovascular events has not been systematically reviewed.
Objective: To review the current evidence on the association between climate change-related environmental stressors and adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Objectives: 1.1Biases inherent in electronic health records (EHRs), and therefore in medical artificial intelligence (AI) models may significantly exacerbate health inequities and challenge the adoption of ethical and responsible AI in healthcare. Biases arise from multiple sources, some of which are not as documented in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality. Monitoring VTE cases is limited by the challenges of manual medical record review and diagnosis code interpretation. Natural language processing (NLP) can automate the process.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPurpose: This study aims to determine the overall incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) following shoulder arthroscopy and to define potential risk factors associated with its development that may help define guidelines for the use of thromboprophylaxis
Methods: A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases per PRISMA guidelines. The search terms consisted of variations of "Venous Thromboembolism" and "Shoulder Arthroscopy." Information regarding arthroscopy indication, risk factors, outcomes, and patient demographics was recorded and analyzed, and pooled odds ratios were reported for each variable.
Purpose: Low-velocity gunshot fractures (LVGFs) are a common type of gunshot-induced trauma with the potential for complications such as infection and osteomyelitis. The effectiveness of antibiotic therapy in LVGFs remains uncertain, leading to ongoing debate about the appropriate treatment. In this review, we evaluate recent updates on the current understanding of antibiotic therapy in LVGFs, how previous studies have investigated the use of antibiotics in LVGFs, and the current state of institutional policies and protocols for treating LVGFs with antibiotics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The safety and efficacy of direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs) for therapeutic anticoagulation in the setting of primary or metastatic brain cancer is not known.
Objectives: To conduct a meta-analysis and systematic review of studies that compare the risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with brain cancer treated with DOACs vs low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH).
Methods: A literature search was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases.
Background: Accurate diagnostic and prognostic predictions of venous thromboembolism (VTE) are crucial for VTE management. Artificial intelligence (AI) enables autonomous identification of the most predictive patterns from large complex data. Although evidence regarding its performance in VTE prediction is emerging, a comprehensive analysis of performance is lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- - Morbihan disease (MD) is a rare complication of rosacea that mainly affects men in their 50s and presents as swelling on the eyelids, cheeks, and forehead.
- - Key pathological features found in biopsy include dermal edema and inflammatory infiltrate, with a variety of treatment options such as isotretinoin (35% success) and tetracycline antibiotics (22% success), as well as other interventions like surgery and steroid injections.
- - More research is needed to fully understand MD and develop better diagnostic tools and treatment strategies.
Delivering Palliative Care to Hospitalized Oncology Patients: A Scoping Review.
J Pain Symptom Manage
February 2023
Context: Early, longitudinal integration of palliative care (PC) is recommended for patients with advanced cancer, in both inpatient and outpatient settings. Despite the growth of specialty PC teams in the last decade, the majority of PC is still delivered in the inpatient setting using a traditional referral-based consult delivery model. However, traditional consultation can lead to significant variation or delay in inpatient PC utilization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF»: Acupuncture after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) may decrease the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).
»: Acupuncture did not decrease visual analog scale (VAS) scores in the 0 to 48-hour interval but did decrease VAS scores at >48 hours after TKA.
»: The heterogeneity of the studies prevented meta-analysis of opioid use with acupuncture after TKA; a systematic review demonstrated mixed results.
Article Synopsis
- - Revision arthroplasty (RA) is seen as the gold standard for treating Vancouver type-B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures, while open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) also shows good outcomes, sparking debate on the best approach.
- - A systematic review shows no significant differences in clinical outcomes between ORIF and RA for Vancouver type-B2 fractures, but ORIF had higher rates of revision and reoperation for type-B3 fractures.
- - Complications, mortality rates, and the ability to achieve full weight-bearing were similar between both surgical methods, though ORIF showed higher subsidence rates and variability in surgical techniques.
Multiple myeloma is a progressive and incurable hematologic malignancy. It is predominantly a disease of older individuals, with a third of these patients considered to be elderly. In recent years, there has been a focus and emphasis on identifying and stratifying patients based on their functional status and frailty.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF