Anatomy of Summertime Upslope Events in Northeastern Colorado: Ammonia (NH) Transport to the Rocky Mountains.

The Transport and Transformation of Ammonia (TRANSAm) airborne field campaign occurred over northeastern Colorado during the summers of 2021 and 2022. A subset of the TRANSAm flights investigated easterly wind conditions capable of moving agricultural emissions of ammonia (NH) through urban areas and into the Rocky Mountains. TRANSAm captured 6 of these events, unveiling important commonalities.

Academic Half Day Improves Resident Perception of Education Without Compromising Patient Safety.

Background: Residency programs are required to offer a didactic curriculum and protect resident time for education. Our institution implemented an academic half day (AHD) in the 2021-2022 academic year to address issues related to the standard noon conference series.

Objective: Determine the impact of AHD implementation on education, patient safety, and workflow.

A Proposed Pediatric Clinical Cardiovascular Health Reference Standard.

Introduction: Clinical cardiovascular health is a construct that includes 4 health factors-systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol, and body mass index-which together provide an evidence-based, more holistic view of cardiovascular health risk in adults than each component separately. Currently, no pediatric version of this construct exists. This study sought to develop sex-specific charts of clinical cardiovascular health for age to describe current patterns of clinical cardiovascular health throughout childhood.

Hip Joint Angles and Moments during Stair Ascent Using Neural Networks and Wearable Sensors.

End-stage hip joint osteoarthritis treatment, known as total hip arthroplasty (THA), improves satisfaction, life quality, and activities of daily living (ADL) function. Postoperatively, evaluating how patients move (i.e.

Analysis of brain edema in RHAPSODY.

Background: Cerebral edema is a secondary complication of acute ischemic stroke, but its time course and imaging markers are not fully understood. Recently, net water uptake (NWU) has been proposed as a novel marker of edema.

Aims: Studying the RHAPSODY trial cohort, we sought to characterize the time course of edema and test the hypothesis that NWU provides distinct information when added to traditional markers of cerebral edema after stroke by examining its association with other markers.

The Fibromyalgia Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Physical Therapy Study Protocol: A Multisite Embedded Pragmatic Trial.

Objectives: Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a nonpharmacological intervention that provides an electrical current through the skin to produce analgesia. The primary purpose of this study is to examine if the addition of TENS to routine physical therapy improves movement-evoked pain in individuals with fibromyalgia in a physical therapy clinical setting.

Methods: Fibromyalgia TENS in Physical Therapy Study is a phase III embedded pragmatic clinical trial funded through the National Institutes of Health Helping to End Addiction Long-Term Initiative.

Best Practices in Medical Documentation: A Curricular Module.

Objective: To create and validate a checklist for high-quality documentation and pilot a multi-modal, immersive educational module across multiple institutions. We hypothesized that this module would improve knowledge, skills, and attitudes in medical documentation.

Methods: Module design was grounded in an established curriculum design framework.

Developing a method for quantifying hip joint angles and moments during walking using neural networks and wearables.

Quantifying hip angles/moments during gait is critical for improving hip pathology diagnostic and treatment methods. Recent work has validated approaches combining wearables with artificial neural networks (ANNs) for cheaper, portable hip joint angle/moment computation. This study developed a Wearable-ANN approach for calculating hip joint angles/moments during walking in the sagittal/frontal planes with data from 17 healthy subjects, leveraging one shin-mounted inertial measurement unit (IMU) and a force-measuring insole for data capture.

Enhancements in Ammonia and Methane from Agricultural Sources in the Northeastern Colorado Front Range Using Observations from a Small Research Aircraft.

Quantifying ammonia (NH) to methane (CH) enhancement ratios from agricultural sources is important for understanding air pollution and nitrogen deposition. The northeastern Colorado Front Range is home to concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) that produce large emissions of NH and CH. Isolating enhancements of NH and CH in this region due to agriculture is complicated because CAFOs are often located within regions of oil and natural gas (O&NG) extraction that are a major source of CH and other alkanes.

Association between county-level risk groups and COVID-19 outcomes in the United States: a socioecological study.

Background: Geographic heterogeneity in COVID-19 outcomes in the United States is well-documented and has been linked with factors at the county level, including sociodemographic and health factors. Whether an integrated measure of place-based risk can classify counties at high risk for COVID-19 outcomes is not known.

Methods: We conducted an ecological nationwide analysis of 2,701 US counties from 1/21/20 to 2/17/21.

A fatal case report of antibody-dependent enhancement of dengue virus type 1 following remote Zika virus infection.

Background: Dengue virus (DENV) is endemic in many parts of the world. Antibody dependent enhancement (ADE) in DENV infections occurs when a person with primary immunity is infected by a second, different DENV strain. Antibodies to Zika virus (ZIKV), which emerged in the Western Hemisphere in 2015, are cross reactive with DENV and theoretically could provoke ADE in a DENV naïve individual.

Association Between Neighborhood-Level Poverty and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: a Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. While neighborhood-level factors, such as poverty, have been related to prevalence of AF risk factors, the association between neighborhood poverty and incident AF has been limited.

Objective: Using a large cohort from a health system serving the greater Chicago area, we sought to determine the association between neighborhood-level poverty and incident AF.

Neighborhood Poverty and Incident Heart Failure: an Analysis of Electronic Health Records from 2005 to 2018.

Background: Neighborhood-level characteristics, such as poverty, have been associated with risk factors for heart failure (HF), including hypertension and diabetes mellitus. However, the independent association between neighborhood poverty and incident HF remains understudied.

Objective: To evaluate the association between neighborhood poverty and incident HF using a "real-world" clinical cohort.

Racial/ethnic minority and neighborhood disadvantage leads to disproportionate mortality burden and years of potential life lost due to COVID-19 in Chicago, Illinois.

Epidemiological studies have highlighted the disparate impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on racial and ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations, but data at the neighborhood-level is sparse. The objective of this study was to investigate the disparate impact of COVID-19 on disadvantaged neighborhoods and racial/ethnic minorities in Chicago, Illinois. Using data from the Cook County Medical Examiner, we conducted a neighborhood-level analysis of COVID-19 decedents in Chicago and quantified age-standardized years of potential life lost (YPLL) due to COVID-19 among demographic subgroups and neighborhoods with geospatial clustering of high and low rates of COVID-19 mortality.

Quantifying the Sex-Race/Ethnicity-Specific Burden of Obesity on Incident Diabetes Mellitus in the United States, 2001 to 2016: MESA and NHANES.

Background Given the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in the United States, estimating the effects of population-level increases in obesity on incident DM has substantial implications for public health policy. Therefore, we determined the population attributable fraction, which accounts for the prevalence and excess risk of DM associated with obesity. Methods and Results We included non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, and Mexican American participants without DM at baseline from MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) with available data on body mass index and key covariates from 2000 to 2017 to calculate unadjusted and adjusted (age, study site, physical activity, diet, income, and education level) hazard ratios (HR) for obesity-attributable DM.

Lactic Acidosis Secondary to Thiamin Deficiency Following Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation.

A 22-month-old female with high-risk neuroblastoma completed 5 cycles of chemotherapy then underwent high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR). Parenteral nutrition was administered from day +2 following ASCR, as she was unable to tolerate nasogastric feeds because of grade IV mucositis and vomiting. On day +12, she developed worsening metabolic acidosis with above reportable levels of lactic acid.

Burnout in Pediatric Critical Care Medicine Fellows.

Objectives: Assess the overall level of burnout in pediatric critical care medicine fellows and examine factors that may contribute to or protect against its development.

Design: Cross-sectional observational study.

Setting: Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited pediatric critical care medicine fellowship programs across the United States.

TGF-β2 uses the concave surface of its extended finger region to bind betaglycan's ZP domain via three residues specific to TGF-β and inhibin-α.

Betaglycan (BG) is a membrane-bound co-receptor of the TGF-β family that selectively binds transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) isoforms and inhibin A (InhA) to enable temporal-spatial patterns of signaling essential for their functions Here, using NMR titrations of methyl-labeled TGF-β2 with BG's C-terminal binding domain, BG, and surface plasmon resonance binding measurements with TGF-β2 variants, we found that the BG-binding site on TGF-β2 is located on the inner surface of its extended finger region. Included in this binding site are Ile-92, Lys-97, and Glu-99, which are entirely or mostly specific to the TGF-β isoforms and the InhA α-subunit, but they are unconserved in other TGF-β family growth factors (GFs). In accord with the proposed specificity-determining role of these residues, BG bound bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) weakly or not at all, and TGF-β2 variants with the corresponding residues from BMP-2 bound BG more weakly than corresponding alanine variants.

A Mobile-Based Diet Monitoring System for Obesity Management.

Personal diet management is key to fighting the obesity epidemic. Recent advances in smartphones and wearable sensor technologies have empowered automated food monitoring through food image processing and eating episode detection, with the goal to conquer drawbacks of traditional food journaling that is labour intensive, inaccurate, and low adherent. In this paper, we present a new interactive mobile system that enables automated food recognition and assessment based on user food images and provides dietary intervention while tracking users' dietary and physical activities.