Phase II study of border zone stereotactic radiosurgery with bevacizumab in patients with recurrent or progressive glioblastoma multiforme.

Purpose: Recurrent glioblastoma is universally fatal with limited effective treatment options. The aim of this phase 2 study of Border Zone SRS plus bevacizumab was to evaluate OS in patients with recurrent GBM.

Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed GBM with recurrent disease who had received prior first-line treatment with fractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy and eligible for SRS were enrolled.

Immunotherapy associated central nervous system complications in primary brain tumors.

Advances clarifying the genetics and function of the immune system within the central nervous system (CNS) and brain tumor microenvironment have led to increasing momentum and number of clinical trials using immunotherapy for primary brain tumors. While neurological complications of immunotherapy in extra-cranial malignancies is well described, the CNS toxicities of immunotherapy in patients with primary brain tumors with their own unique physiology and challenges are burgeoning. This review highlights the emerging and unique CNS complications associated with immunotherapy including checkpoint inhibitors, oncolytic viruses, adoptive cell transfer/chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell and vaccines for primary brain tumors, as well as reviews modalities that have been currently employed or are undergoing investigation for treatment of such toxicities.

Major Genetic Motifs in Pituitary Adenomas: A Practical Literature Update.

Background: The literature includes many studies examining the genetic abnormalities that influence pituitary adenomas (PAs). We aimed to state the collective knowledge on the genetic underpinnings of PAs by organizing, summarizing, and consolidating the literature to serve as a comprehensive review for scientists and clinicians of the most up-to-date information underlying the genetic landscape of PAs.

Methods: The PubMed and Google Scholar databases were searched using multiple key words and combined Medical Subject Headings terms; only articles published in English between January 2000 and January 2022 were included.

Supratentorial lymphocytic inflammation with parenchymal perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids: A case report and literature review.

Background: Chronic Lymphocytic Inflammation with Pontine Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids is a rare disorder that presents with subacute brainstem symptoms such as ataxia, facial paresthesias, and episodic diplopia, thought to be due to a T-cell medicated perivascular inflammatory process. A supratentorial variant, Supratentorial Lymphocytic Inflammation with Parenchymal Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids (SLIPPERS), has been described in only three patients.

Case Description: A 71-year-old male presented with word-finding difficulties, confusion, and left leg weakness.

Retrospective study of nivolumab for patients with recurrent high grade gliomas.

Introduction: Patients with recurrent high-grade gliomas (HGG) have limited treatment options. HGG utilize the PD-1 pathway to evade immune responses. Checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated safety and clinical activity in patients with recurrent glioblastoma.