Age, sex, and temperature shape off-territory feeder use in black-capped chickadees.

Spatial ecology tends to focus on average movement patterns within animal groups; however, recent studies highlight the value of considering movement decisions both within and among individuals. We used a marked population of black-capped chickadees (), to assess the causes and consequences of within- and among-individual differences in chickadee space use. Individuals that used feeders in addition to their most-visited "core feeder" were defined as engaging in off-territory feeder use.