Video-based assessment (VBA) of an open, simulated orthopedic surgical procedure: a pilot study using a single-angle camera to assess surgical skill and decision making.

Background: Videos have been used in many settings including medical simulation. Limited information currently exists on video-based assessment in surgical training. Effective assessment tools have substantial impact on the future of training.

Developing and Assessing the Feasibility of Implementing a Surgical Objective Structured Clinical Skills Examination (S-OSCE).

Objective: To1 describe the development and evaluate the feasibility of a surgical objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) for the purpose of competency assessment based on the Royal College of Canada's CanMEDS framework.

Design: A unique surgical OSCE was developed to evaluate the clinical and surgical management of common orthopaedic problems using simulated patients and cadaveric specimens. Cases were graded by degree of difficulty (less complex, complex, more complex) Developing an assessment tool with significant resource utilization and good correlation with traditional methods is challenging.

Defining growth potential and barriers to same day discharge total knee arthroplasty.

Background: Outpatient arthroplasty programs are becoming well established. Adverse event rates have been demonstrated to be no worse than inpatient arthroplasty in the literature for selected patients. The purpose of this study was to determine our rate of outpatient total knee arthroplasty (TKA), examine justification for exclusions, and estimate the proportion of TKAs that can occur safely on an outpatient basis.

Aldehyde dehydrogenase activity of breast cancer stem cells is primarily due to isoform ALDH1A3 and its expression is predictive of metastasis.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are proposed to initiate cancer and propagate metastasis. Breast CSCs identified by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity are highly tumorigenic in xenograft models. However, in patient breast tumor immunohistological studies, where CSCs are identified by expression of ALDH isoform ALDH1A1, CSC prevalence is not correlative with metastasis, raising some doubt as to the role of CSCs in cancer.