Perspectives of physicians and doulas on shared decision-making and decision counseling in the treatment of pregnant women with opioid use disorders.

Introduction: Research about the application of shared decision-making (SDM) in the context of Medication Assisted Treatment (MAT) for pregnant women with opioid use disorder (OUD) is limited. The objectives of our study were to 1) examine facilitators of and barriers to SDM for the initiation of MAT in clinical practice and 2) evaluate the receptivity of clinicians and doulas involved in the care of women with OUD to the use of an online software application to facilitate SDM about MAT.

Methods: This qualitative study utilized semi-structured interviews with consenting physicians and doulas who provided care for pregnant women with OUD between November 2021 and May 2022.

Bering Strait hit by unprecedented algal bloom.

The toxic organisms, which cause paralytic shellfish poisoning, are moving northward with climate change.

Management of Acute Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: A Systematic Review.

Purpose: This review aims to compare recovery outcomes of conservative, early operative, and a combination of conservative and operative management for acute carpal tunnel syndrome (ACTS).

Methods: A literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL from 1970 to 2022 was conducted using the keywords carpal tunnel syndrome and acute nerve compression. ACTS was defined as a case within 12 weeks of symptom onset.

Relative acute toxicity of three per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on nine species of larval amphibians.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widespread, persistent environmental pollutants known to elicit a wide range of negative effects on wildlife species. There is scarce information regarding the toxicity of PFAS on amphibians, but amphibians may be highly susceptible because of their permeable skin and dependence on fresh water. Acute toxicity studies are a first step toward understanding responses to PFAS exposure, providing benchmarks for species-specific tolerances, informing ecological risk assessment (ERA), and designing chronic toxicity studies.

Identified gaps and opportunities in perinatal healthcare delivery for women in treatment for opioid use disorder.

Pregnancy and the delivery of an infant mark a unique time of engagement in healthcare for women in treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD). The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology calls for a comprehensive approach to perinatal healthcare delivery for pregnant women with OUD in order to facilitate improved health outcomes and increase patient-provider collaboration. Yet, there is little knowledge regarding the perceptions of women with OUD regarding the current delivery of healthcare which could inform a personalized, tailored approach to perinatal healthcare delivery.

Overexpression of a modified eIF4E regulates potato virus Y resistance at the transcriptional level in potato.

Background: Potato virus Y (PVY) is a major pathogen of potatoes with major impact on global agricultural production. Resistance to PVY can be achieved by engineering potatoes to express a recessive, resistant allele of eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E, a host dependency factor essential to PVY replication. Here we analyzed transcriptome changes in eIF4E over-expressing potatoes to shed light on the mechanism underpinning eIF4E-mediated recessive PVY resistance.

Acute and chronic effects of perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures on larval American bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana).

Discovery of elevated concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in ground and surface waters globally has heightened concern over their potential adverse health effects. The effects of PFAS are known largely from acute toxicity studies of single PFAS compounds in model organisms, while little is understood concerning effects of mixtures on wildlife. To address this gap, we examined the acute and chronic effects of two of the most common PFAS (perfluorooctanesulfonic acid [PFOS] and perfluorooctanoic acid [PFOA]) and their mixtures on survival, growth, and development of American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles.

The Triticum Mosaic Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site Relies on a Picornavirus-Like YX-AUG Motif To Designate the Preferred Translation Initiation Site and To Likely Target the 18S rRNA.

Several viruses encode an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) at the 5' end of their RNA, which, unlike most cellular mRNAs, initiates translation in the absence of a 5' m7GpppG cap. Here, we report a uniquely regulated translation enhancer found in the 739-nucelotide (nt) sequence of the Triticum mosaic virus (TriMV) leader sequence that distinguishes the preferred initiation site from a plethora of IRES-encoded AUG triplets. Through deletion mutations of the TriMV 5' untranslated region (UTR), we show that the TriMV 5' UTR encodes a -acting picornaviral Y-X-AUG-like motif with a 16-nt polypyrimidine CU-tract (Y), at a precise, 11-nt distance (X) from the preferred 13th AUG.