The last pink straw: Children's and parents' judgements about gender nonconformity.

Gender nonconforming (GNC) boys often elicit negative reactions from peers and adults. However, it is unclear which aspects of nonconformity evoke negative social consequences. Are appearance characteristics, activity interests, or traits most impactful for peers' evaluations? Sixty-seven 6- to 11-year-old children and their parents interacted with a magnetic paper doll of a GNC boy who was displayed with feminine appearance characteristics, activity interests, and traits.

Children's Gender-Typed Toy Interests: Does Propulsion Matter?

Children's toy play is at the foundation of child development. However, gender differentiation in early play experiences may result in gender differences in cognitive abilities, social interactions, and vocational choices. We investigated gender-typing of toys and toys' propulsive properties (e.

Sissies, Mama's Boys, and Tomboys: Is Children's Gender Nonconformity More Acceptable When Nonconforming Traits Are Positive?

The evaluation of gender nonconformity in children was examined in two studies. In Study 1, 48 young adults evaluated the positivity of culturally popular labels for gender nonconformity, including "tomboy," "sissy," and two new labels generated in a pilot study, "mama's boy" and "brat." The "mama's boy" was described as a boy who has positive feminine traits (gentle and well-mannered) as opposed to the "sissy" who was described as having negative feminine traits (crying and easily frightened).

Sex-typed personality traits and gender identity as predictors of young adults' career interests.

Gender segregation of careers is still prominent in the U.S. workforce.

Breadwinner and caregiver: a cross-sectional analysis of children's and emerging adults' visions of their future family roles.

Participants were 150 school-age boys and girls, 58 high school students, and 145 university students drawn from communities in the Southeastern United States. In this cross-sectional study, family role attitudes and expectations were examined across development. Parental work traditionality (occupational prestige and traditionality, and employed hours) predicted daughters' social role attitudes and plans for future family roles, such that daughters' envisioned families resembled that of their parents.

A description of two surgical and anesthetic management techniques used for a patient with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.

Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare and debilitating genetic disorder of skeletal malformations and progressive heterotopic ossification. Flare-ups are episodic, with bone formation in skeletal muscle and connective tissue leading to ankylosis of major joints of the axial and appendicular skeleton. This report outlines the management of a patient with FOP who had ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint and progressive ossification of the neck structures.