Bladder Wash: A Proof of Concept as an Alternative Specimen for Postmortem Toxicology.

In postmortem forensic investigation cases where the bladder is voided or dehydrated prior to autopsy, it is possible to wash the bladder with saline and collect the 'bladder wash' and any residual urine for toxicological analysis. While not conventional, this study aims to determine the use of bladder washes as alternative specimens in postmortem forensic toxicology. Comprehensive drug and alcohol analysis was performed on blood, urine, vitreous humor and bladder wash samples.

Multi-Class Analysis of 57 Drugs Quantitatively in Blood and Qualitatively in Urine by LC-MS/MS to Complement Comprehensive DFC, DUID and Postmortem Testing.

A streamlined LC-MS/MS method utilizing protein precipitation and filtration extraction was developed to consolidate analyses for drug-facilitated crime (DFC), postmortem investigations, and driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) testing. Fifty-seven target drug and metabolite analytes eluted in under 6-minutes and compromised of GHB precursors (1), hallucinogens (3), muscle relaxants (3), anticonvulsants (7), antidepressants (20), antihistamines (5), antipsychotics (11), antihypertensives and alpha-adrenergics (3), analgesics and anesthetics (3), and miscellaneous (1) in blood (quantitatively) and urine (qualitatively). Limits of detection were set to meet the more challenging sensitivity requirements for DFC, and are therefore also suitable for postmortem investigations, and other forensic casework, including DUID.

Analysis of over 250 novel synthetic opioids and xylazine by LC-MS-MS in blood and urine.

Novel Synthetic Opioids (NSO) are frequently found in postmortem (PM) and human performance (HP) forensic toxicology casework, resulting in impairment and fatal overdoses. Developing a broad NSO method benefits public health, as it can be used to identify trends in potent opioid use to develop risk management programs. This project aimed to design a comprehensive, rapid and routine method for the selective analysis of over 250 novel synthetic opioids in blood and urine.

A Single Method for 127 Recommended and Additional DUID Drugs in Blood and Urine by LC-MS-MS.

Driving under the influence of drug (DUID) cases continue to challenge forensic toxicologists as both the volume and complexity of casework increases. Comprehensive DUID testing should also meet the drafted Academy Standards Board (ASB)/ American National Standard Institute (ANSI) standard and the National Safety Council's Alcohol, Drugs and Impairment Division (NSC-ADID) recommendations. A simple method using protein precipitation followed by filtration extraction with an 8 minute run time by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) was developed, and a comprehensive ASB/ANSI validation was performed.

Mid-life social outcomes for a population-based sample of adults with ASD.

Unlabelled: Adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) fall short of social outcomes of non-ASD peers in mid-life, as documented by currently published research. The aim of the current study was to extend what is known about social functioning, employment, independent living, and use of social services by examining details of the current life status for a population-based sample of adults with ASD (mean age = 35.5 years, range = 22.

A description of medical conditions in adults with autism spectrum disorder: A follow-up of the 1980s Utah/UCLA Autism Epidemiologic Study.

This study describes medical conditions experienced by a population-based cohort of adults with autism spectrum disorder whose significant developmental concerns were apparent during childhood. As part of a 25-year outcome study of autism spectrum disorder in adulthood, medical histories were collected on 92 participants (N = 69 males) who were first ascertained as children in the mid-1980s, 11 of whom were deceased at the time of follow-up. Questionnaires queried medical symptoms, disorders, hospitalizations, surgeries, and medication use.

Identifying autism in a brief observation.

Background: Pediatricians, neurologists, and geneticists are important sources for autism surveillance, screening, and referrals, but practical time constraints limit the clinical utility of behavioral observations. We analyzed behaviors under favorable conditions (ie, video of autism evaluations reviewed by experts) to determine what is optimally observable within 10-minute samples, asked for referral impressions, and compared these to formal screening and developmental testing results.

Methods: Participants (n = 42, aged 15 to 33 months) were typically developing controls and children who screened positive during universal autism screening within a large community pediatric practice.

Psychiatric comorbidity and medication use in adults with autism spectrum disorder.

The purpose of this study was to investigate comorbid psychiatric disorders and psychotropic medication use among adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) ascertained as children during a 1980's statewide Utah autism prevalence study (n = 129). Seventy-three individuals (56.6 %) met criteria for a current psychiatric disorder; 89 participants (69.

A novel germline mutation in BAP1 predisposes to familial clear-cell renal cell carcinoma.

Unlabelled: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) clusters in some families. Familial RCC arises from mutations in several genes, including the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppressor, which is also mutated in sporadic RCC. However, a significant percentage of familial RCC remains unexplained.

Excess mortality and causes of death in autism spectrum disorders: a follow up of the 1980s Utah/UCLA autism epidemiologic study.

This study's purpose was to investigate mortality among individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ascertained during a 1980s statewide autism prevalence study (n = 305) in relation to controls. Twenty-nine of these individuals (9.5 %) died by the time of follow up, representing a hazard rate ratio of 9.

Autism spectrum disorder reclassified: a second look at the 1980s Utah/UCLA Autism Epidemiologic Study.

The purpose of the present study was to re-examine diagnostic data from a state-wide autism prevalence study (n = 489) conducted in the 1980s to investigate the impact of broader diagnostic criteria on autism spectrum disorder (ASD) case status. Sixty-four (59 %) of the 108 originally "Diagnosed Not Autistic" met the current ASD case definition. The average IQ estimate in the newly identified group (IQ = 35.

Primary care for children with autism.

The earliest sign of autism in children is the delayed attainment of social skill milestones, including joint attention, social orienting, and pretend play. Language impairment is a common, but less specific, sign of autism. Repetitive behaviors and restricted interests may not be noted until after social skill and communication impairments are exhibited.

Twenty-year outcome for individuals with autism and average or near-average cognitive abilities.

Previous studies found substantial variability in adult outcome for people with autism whose cognitive functioning was within the near-average and average ranges. This study examined adult outcome for 41 such individuals (38 men and 3 women) originally identified through an epidemiological survey of autism in Utah. Mean age at the time of their previous cognitive assessment was 7.