Implementation of an interprofessional model for the management of postpartum hypertension.

Purpose: Postpartum hypertension (PPHTN) poses increased risks, including of stroke. Timely assessment and management by clinicians is imperative but challenging. Team-based care involving pharmacists has shown promise in improving blood pressure control, yet its application in PPHTN management remains unexplored.

Influences of 23 different equations used to calculate gene copies of SARS-CoV-2 during wastewater-based epidemiology.

Following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in late 2019, the use of wastewater-based surveillance (WBS) has increased dramatically along with associated infrastructure globally. However, due to the global nature of its application, and various workflow adaptations (e.g.

Predicting Global Fund grant disbursements for procurement of artemisinin-based combination therapies.

Background: An accurate forecast of global demand is essential to stabilize the market for artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) and to ensure access to high-quality, life-saving medications at the lowest sustainable prices by avoiding underproduction and excessive overproduction, each of which can have negative consequences for the availability of affordable drugs. A robust forecast requires an understanding of the resources available to support procurement of these relatively expensive antimalarials, in particular from the Global Fund, at present the single largest source of ACT funding.

Methods: Predictive regression models estimating the timing and rate of disbursements from the Global Fund to recipient countries for each malaria grant were derived using a repeated split-sample procedure intended to avoid over-fitting.

Can modeling of HIV treatment processes improve outcomes? Capitalizing on an operations research approach to the global pandemic.

Background: Mathematical modeling has been applied to a range of policy-level decisions on resource allocation for HIV care and treatment. We describe the application of classic operations research (OR) techniques to address logistical and resource management challenges in HIV treatment scale-up activities in resource-limited countries.

Methods: We review and categorize several of the major logistical and operational problems encountered over the last decade in the global scale-up of HIV care and antiretroviral treatment for people with AIDS.

Forecast of demand for antiretroviral drugs in low and middle-income countries: 2007-2008.

Background: Middle and low-income countries have scaled up HIV treatment in the past 5 years. To maintain this effort, information regarding the amounts and types of drugs is needed. Shortages or overstock of active pharmaceutical ingredients make the scale-up efforts more difficult and costly.

Training and HIV-treatment scale-up: establishing an implementation research agenda.

McCarthy and colleagues discuss the various approaches to training the health workforce for an expanding HIV treatment program in a resource-limited setting.

Anemia is an independent predictor of mortality and immunologic progression of disease among women with HIV in Tanzania.

Objectives: To examine the association of anemia with mortality and disease progression among a cohort of women with HIV in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Methods: Time to all-cause death, AIDS-related death, and a 50% decrease in CD4 cell count among 1078 HIV-positive pregnant women enrolled in a clinical trial of vitamin supplementation from 1995-2003.

Results: Adjusted models showed that anemia was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality (relative hazard [RH]: 2.

Wasting during pregnancy increases the risk of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission.

Objectives: To examine whether wasting during pregnancy, as measured by weight loss and low weight gain, is associated with increased mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1.

Methods: This was a cohort study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, among 957 HIV-1-infected pregnant women. Weight was measured at the first prenatal visit and every month thereafter until delivery.

Patterns and correlates of discontinuation of the initial HAART regimen in an urban outpatient cohort.

Objectives: To describe the patterns and correlates of discontinuation of the initial highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen in an urban, outpatient cohort of antiretroviral-naive patients.

Design: Retrospective cohort of 345 randomly selected antiretroviral-naive patients who initiated HAART on 6 selected regimens between January 1997 and May 2001 in New Orleans, LA.

Methods: An investigator reviewed medical records to collect information on concurrent medications, symptoms/diagnoses, staging indicators, and reasons for HAART discontinuation.

Prevalence and correlates of HIV serostatus disclosure.

Background And Objective: A study of HIV-positive individuals in New Orleans, Louisiana, found that the majority of patients disclosed to their main partners and family members, but less than one fourth disclosed to any casual sex partner. Older age and lower CD4 cell counts were associated with disclosure.

Goal: The goal was to describe patterns of HIV serostatus disclosure among a diverse sample of patients at an HIV outpatient clinic in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Older partners not associated with recurrence among female teenagers infected with Chlamydia trachomatis.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis-infected female teenagers with older partners may be less likely to discuss the infection with their partner(s) and to use condoms and therefore may be more likely to get reinfected.

Goal: To determine if C trachomatis-infected female teenagers with older partners were more likely to be reinfected than those with same-aged partners.

Study Design: Females aged 14 years to 18 years who had uncomplicated chlamydial infection, were nonpregnant, attended clinics in five United States cities from June 1995 to May 1997, completed treatment, and resumed sexual activity were observed at 1 and 4 months for interim history and retesting.