Communities That HEAL Intervention and Mortality Including Polysubstance Overdose Deaths: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The HEALing Communities Study (HCS) evaluated the effectiveness of the Communities That HEAL (CTH) intervention in preventing fatal overdoses amidst the US opioid epidemic.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the CTH intervention on total drug overdose deaths and overdose deaths involving combinations of opioids with psychostimulants or benzodiazepines.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial was a parallel-arm, multisite, community-randomized, open, and waitlisted controlled comparison trial of communities in 4 US states between 2020 and 2023.

Effect of the Communities that HEAL intervention on receipt of behavioral therapies for opioid use disorder: A cluster randomized wait-list controlled trial.

Background: The U.S. opioid overdose crisis persists.

Grapevine Microbiota Reflect Diversity among Compartments and Complex Interactions within and among Root and Shoot Systems.

Grafting connects root and shoot systems of distinct individuals, bringing microbial communities of different genotypes together in a single plant. How do root system and shoot system genotypes influence plant microbiota in grafted grapevines? To address this, we utilized clonal replicates of the grapevine 'Chambourcin', growing ungrafted and grafted to three different rootstocks in three irrigation treatments. Our objectives were to (1) characterize the microbiota (bacteria and fungi) of below-ground compartments (roots, adjacent soil) and above-ground compartments (leaves, berries), (2) determine how rootstock genotype, irrigation, and their interaction influences grapevine microbiota in different compartments, and (3) investigate abundance of microorganisms implicated in the late-season grapevine disease sour rot ( and ).

Physicians' rhetorical strategies for motivating HPV vaccination.

Rationale: Receiving a healthcare provider's recommendation is a well-documented predictor of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, and yet recommendations remain understudied and undertheorized.

Objective: To qualitatively describe strategies providers use to motivate HPV vaccination.

Method: We surveyed a national sample of 771 U.

A new method for extracting DNA from the grape berry surface, beginning in the vineyard.

Isolating DNA from microbes on the surface of a grape berry is a challenge due to their adhesion to the thick berry skin and cuticle, making studies of the grape microbiome challenging. We developed a field-to-lab DNA extraction procedure that starts in the vineyard, disrupts the grape berry surface while en route to the lab through agitation, and efficiently extracts microbial DNA from the surface of the grape. It is cost effective and utilizes commonly available laboratory chemicals with low toxicity (Table 1).

The epiphytic microbiota of sour rot-affected grapes differs minimally from that of healthy grapes, indicating causal organisms are already present on healthy berries.

Sour rot is a disease complex produced by an interaction between grape berries and various species of yeast and acetic acid bacteria in the presence of Drosophila fruit flies. While yeast and bacteria are consistently found on healthy grape berries worldwide, we explored whether the composition of these epiphytic communities differed depending on the presence or absence of sour rot symptoms. Using high-throughput sequencing, we characterized the microbiome of sour rot-affected grapes from two geographical areas across two years.

Grape Sour Rot: A Four-Way Interaction Involving the Host, Yeast, Acetic Acid Bacteria, and Insects.

Sour rot, a disease affecting berries of cultivated Vitis spp. worldwide, has not been clearly defined. Reported symptoms of the disease include browning of the berry skin, oozing of disintegrated berry pulp, and the smell of acetic acid, all in the presence of fruit flies (Drosophila spp.

Why is announcement training more effective than conversation training for introducing HPV vaccination? A theory-based investigation.

Background: Improving healthcare providers' communication about HPV vaccination is critical to increasing uptake. We previously demonstrated that training providers to use presumptive announcements to introduce HPV vaccination improved uptake, whereas training them to use participatory conversations had no effect. To understand how communication training changed provider perceptions and communication practices, we evaluated intermediate outcomes and process measures from our randomized clinical trial, with a particular focus on identifying mechanisms that might explain the announcement training's impact.

Announcements Versus Conversations to Improve HPV Vaccination Coverage: A Randomized Trial.

Objective: Improving provider recommendations is critical to addressing low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage. Thus, we sought to determine the effectiveness of training providers to improve their recommendations using either presumptive "announcements" or participatory "conversations."

Methods: In 2015, we conducted a parallel-group randomized clinical trial with 30 pediatric and family medicine clinics in central North Carolina.

Messages to Motivate Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: National Studies of Parents and Physicians.

Background: Physician communication about human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is a key determinant of uptake. To support physician communication, we sought to identify messages that would motivate HPV vaccination.

Methods: From 2014 to 2015, we surveyed national samples of parents of adolescents ages 11 to 17 (n = 1,504) and primary care physicians (n = 776).

Quality of physician communication about human papillomavirus vaccine: findings from a national survey.

Background: Improving the quality of physicians' recommendations for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is critical to addressing low coverage. Thus, we sought to describe HPV vaccine communication practices among primary care physicians.

Methods: Pediatricians and family physicians (n = 776) completed our national online survey in 2014.

Physician communication about adolescent vaccination: How is human papillomavirus vaccine different?

Background: Low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage stands in stark contrast to our success in delivering other adolescent vaccines. To identify opportunities for improving physicians' recommendations for HPV vaccination, we sought to understand how the communication context surrounding adolescent vaccination varies by vaccine type.

Methods: A national sample of 776 U.