Consumer Involvement in the Design and Development of Medication Safety Interventions or Services in Primary Care: A Scoping Review.

Introduction: Medication-related problems remain a significant burden despite the availability of various interventions and services in primary care. Involving health care consumers to design interventions or services across health disciplines is becoming more widely used as this type of engagement reportedly leads to more accessible, acceptable and sustainable health services and quality of life. We conducted a scoping review to examine when and how consumers have been involved in the design and development of medication safety interventions or services within the primary care.

Activating pharmacists to reduce the frequency of medication-related problems (ACTMed): a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial.

Background: Medicines are the most frequent health care intervention type; their safe use provides significant benefits, but inappropriate use can cause harm. Systemic primary care approaches can manage serious medication-related problems in a timely manner.

Objectives: ACTMed (ACTivating primary care for MEDicine safety) uses information technology and financial incentives to encourage pharmacists to work more closely with general practitioners to reduce the risk of harm, improve patients' experience of care, streamline workflows, and increase the efficiency of medical care.

Pharmacist role in vaccination: Evidence and challenges.

Vaccines prevent an estimated 2.5 million deaths worldwide each year and are amongst the most cost-effective preventive measures against infectious diseases. Despite the effectiveness and availability of vaccines in many parts of the world, vaccination rates and service uptake remains suboptimal among both healthcare providers and the public.

"There's No Touching in Pharmacy": Training Pharmacists for Australia's First Pharmacist Immunization Pilot.

Background: Vaccination is a safe, efficient, and cost-effective means of preventing, controlling, and eradicating many life-threatening infections and diseases. Globally, the World Health Organization estimates that vaccination saves between 2 million and 3 million lives annually. However, low immunization rates are a significant public health concern.

Population pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration: using Monte Carlo simulations to predict doses for specified pharmacodynamic targets.

Fluconazole is a widely used antifungal agent that is extensively reabsorbed in patients with normal renal function. However, its reabsorption can be compromised in patients with acute kidney injury, thereby leading to altered fluconazole clearance and total systemic exposure. Here, we explore the pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in 10 critically ill anuric patients receiving continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF).

Vancomycin pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration.

Aims: To investigate the pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in critically ill patients on continuous venovenous haemodiafiltration (CVVHDF), a continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and to see if routine measures approximate vancomycin clearance.

Methods: Pharmacokinetic profiles (15) of initial and steady-state doses of 750 mg twice daily intravenous vancomycin were obtained from blood and ultrafiltrate samples from 10 critically ill patients in the intensive care unit, with acute renal failure on CVVHDF (1 l h(-1) dialysate plus 2 l h(-1) filtration solution; 3 l h(-1) effluent; extracorporeal blood flow 200 ml min(-1)).

Results: CVVHDF clearance of vancomycin was 1.