Risk factors associated with gastric malignancy during chronic Infection.

Chronic () infection is considered to be the single most important risk factor for the development of gastric adenocarcinoma in humans, which is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Nonetheless, infection does not always progress to malignancy, and, gastric adenocarcinoma can occur in the absence of detectable carriage, highlighting the complex and multifactorial nature of gastric cancer. Here we review known contributors to gastric malignancy, including virulence factors, host genetic variation, and multiple environmental variables.