Examining gender in alcohol research: A systematic review of gender differences in how men and women are studied in alcohol research.

Background: This systematic review examined differences in the way women and men have been studied in alcohol research over the past decade. In particular, it explored differences in methodology, discipline, country, subpopulation and age focus, to understand who is being studied and how.

Methods: Single-gender peer-reviewed studies on alcohol consumption published between 1st January 2014 and 31st December 2023 were identified by searching Medline, PsycInfo, Scopus and CINAHL.

Uncorking the 'wine mum': Exploring the complexity of Australian women's everyday lives and drinking practices.

Background: With greater attention given to midlife women's drinking in research and in media representations of 'wine mums', we suggest that focusing on static gender roles (e.g., women as mothers) risks overlooking complex and dynamic features of women's lives.

Investigation of the distribution of transuranic radionuclides in marine sediment at the Montebello Islands, Western Australia.

Three nuclear weapons tests were conducted in the 1950s at the Montebello Islands, Western Australia. The detonations were of different yields and configurations (two tower tests, one ship test), and led to substantial radionuclide contamination within the surrounding terrestrial and marine ecosystems. The region possesses great ecological and recreational significance, particularly within the marine environment.

Drinking alcohol at home feels different from drinking in public places: a qualitative study of midlife Australians.

This paper shows how drinking in one's own home affords different affective experiences to drinking in public settings such as bars, pubs and restaurants. A thematic analysis of interviews with 40 Australians aged 30-65 identified three main variations in alcohol-associated feelings, sensations and urges. Alcohol was used at home to decelerate, but in contrast, people were enlivened when drinking in public venues.

Alcohol's contribution to climate change and other environmental degradation: a call for research.

Climate change is the single biggest health threat facing humanity. The production, distribution and consumption of many fast-moving consumer goods contribute substantially to climate change, principally through releasing greenhouse gas emissions. Here we consider just some of the ways that alcohol-already a key contributor to an array of health, social and economic burdens-exacerbates environmental harms and climate change.

Educating students about volatile substance use in Australian schools: Is the current approach evidence-based, and how should we do it?

Australian national, state and territory school-based drug education policies advise that volatile substance use (VSU) should be excluded from general drug education curriculum for fear of alerting young people to the intoxicating properties of substances such as petrol, sprays and glues. We review evidence from the United States and United Kingdom on the effects of including volatile substances in school-based drug education, to argue that these policies are due for reconsideration. Nitrous oxide and nitrites are classified as volatile substances along with solvents such as those listed above, although their patterns of use, effects and harms are different.

Strategies to support midlife women to reduce their alcohol consumption: an Australian study using human-centred design.

Alcohol consumption is causally associated with long-term health-related consequences, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, and short-term harms, such as accidents and injuries. Alcohol consumption has increased among midlife women (aged 40-65) over the last two decades in high-income countries. This study aimed to centre women's voices by using co-design methodologies to investigate what women identify as strategies that could assist them and other women their age to reduce their alcohol consumption.

An observation study of mathematics instruction for students with IDD in grades K-2.

This observation study documents the amount and quality of mathematics instruction provided to students with intellectual and developmental disabilities in kindergarten through second grade in self-contained special education settings. We observed six special education teachers and their students (N = 12) during a total of 967 min allotted to early numeracy and mathematics instruction. Mathematics and early numeracy instruction comprised 61.

Influencing the global governance of alcohol: Alcohol industry views in submissions to the WHO consultation for the Alcohol Action Plan 2022-2030.

Background: In 2020, the Secretariat of the World Health Organization (WHO) conducted an open consultation, with public submissions, for the purpose of developing an Alcohol Action Plan to "strengthen implementation" of the WHO's 2010 Global Strategy to Reduce the Harmful Use of Alcohol. The consultation process and public submissions provided an opportunity to critically examine alcohol industry perspectives and arguments in relation to the global governance of alcohol.

Methods: 48 alcohol industry submissions to the WHO's 2020 consultation were included for analysis.

Home alone: Patterns and perceptions of solitary home alcohol consumption in an Australian convenience sample.

Introduction: In contrast with extensive literature exploring sociable alcohol use, few studies focus on drinking alone at home, even though the home is the place where the majority of drinking occurs.

Methods: We draw on survey and interview data gathered in 2018/2019 prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, to identify prevalence and perceptions of solitary home drinking in an Australian convenience sample of heavy and light drinkers (LD).

Results: A substantial minority of survey participants identified drinking home alone, with over a quarter of heavy drinkers (27%) reporting that they only drank alone in their own home (compared to 15% of LD).

Selective Skeletal Surveys for Infants With Skull Fractures: Examining the Rates of Return to Medical Care for Concern of Physical Abuse.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe which infants with a skull fracture (1) receive a child abuse pediatrician (CAP) consultation, (2) receive a skeletal survey, and (3) re-present to medical care before age 3 years with concerns for physical abuse.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of infants younger than 12 months who presented to the emergency department between January 1, 2005, and December 30, 2015, with a skull fracture. Medical records were reviewed for the skull fracture presentation and for all future medical evaluations at the same institution with concerns for physical abuse until 3 years of age.

All alcohol exposure counts - testing parental, older sibling, best friend and peer exposure on young adolescent drinking in a seven-wave longitudinal study.

Aims: Role models around the adolescent, including parents, peers, best friends and older siblings, all act in ways to socialize the adolescent into alcohol use. This study aims to examine the effect of exposure to siblings' drinking alongside the more traditionally examined role models on alcohol use among adolescents.

Design: A longitudinal study followed adolescents (45.

Men and Women's Alcohol Consumption by 4- to 8-Year-Olds: A Longitudinal Investigation of Gendered Drinking Norms.

Introduction: Evidence suggests an association between perceived alcohol-related norms and personal consumption. These perceptions develop over years of observation and exposure to alcohol, likely beginning in early childhood, and likely differing by sex. Understanding the early development of perceptions of drinking may provide insight into the development of gendered drinking practices.

Effects of exposure to mother's and father's alcohol use on young children's normative perceptions of alcohol.

Background: While consumption of alcohol does not often begin until early adolescence, young children are highly capable of internalizing normative information through observational learning. We used a longitudinal multiple-informant family study to examine the impact of exposure to mothers' and fathers' drinking on young children's normative perceptions of who drinks alcohol.

Methods: Three hundred twenty-nine children (4 to 6 years old at baseline [M 4.

Parents' management of alcohol in the context of discourses of 'competent' parenting: A qualitative analysis.

How parents manage potential tensions between normative discourses of 'competent parenting' and their desires to consume alcohol has received little attention. In this article, we explore the elements that encourage or constrain parents' drinking and investigate how parents consider and manage their alcohol use in the context of multiple social roles with sometimes conflicting demands and expectations around 'competent parenting'. Our analysis draws on 30 semi-structured interviews with Australian parents, conducted as part of a broader project which aimed to explore how home drinking is integrated into everyday life.

Transport and migration of plutonium in different soil types and rainfall regimes.

Leaching and transport of contaminants is a complex interacting system affected by a suite of environmental factors. This study demonstrates the potential significance of weather events and moisture movement when interpreting plutonium (Pu) migration and advective transport in the soil matrix. Using a column transport experiment, two soil types, a sandy soil and clay-rich soil, were spiked with Pu as a tracer to observe the effect of simulated tropical and arid rainfall events on Pu mobility.

Hepatitis C Virus Reflex Testing Protocol in an Emergency Department.

Introduction: Our aim was to measure hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening and linkage-to-care rates in an urban emergency department (ED) before and after implementing an HCV viral RNA (vRNA) reflex testing protocol within a HCV screening program for at-risk patients. Our hypothesis was that using a reflex testing protocol would increase HCV testing rates of at-risk patients in the ED, which would increase the linkage-to-care rate.

Methods: In August 2018, our institution implemented an automated, electronic health record-based HCV screening protocol in the ED for at-risk patients.

Sex differences in young children's perceptions of situational drinking norms over time.

Objectives: To date, there have been no previous studies examining sex differences in the development of alcohol-related perceptions over time, a potential avenue for targeted prevention and early intervention efforts. This article examines any potential sex differences in young children's development of situational drinking norms over time.

Method: Two hundred ninety-eight children (aged 4-6 years at baseline) completed the Dutch electronic Appropriate Beverage Task-which involves attributing alcoholic beverages to adults in varying situational contexts-annually over 3 years (2015, 2016, 2017).

Affordances of home drinking in accounts from light and heavy drinkers.

Home drinking contributes substantially to health harms associated with alcohol consumption. Drawing on practice theory and new materialism, we argue that drinking is a social practice that allows particular sets of effects, or affordances, when it takes place in a person's home. Qualitative interviews were conducted by telephone with 40 Australian adult home drinkers, of whom 20 drank at a level designated as low risk and 20 at a level which exposed them to a higher likelihood of harm.

'They're like little police': Australian parents' perceptions of their children's awareness of drinking during COVID-19.

Introduction: As a result of COVID-19 and associated lockdown restrictions, children may have been exposed to more home-based alcohol consumption and parents' drinking practices. This paper explores Australian parents' perceptions of their children's awareness of drinking and their reflections on the impact of COVID-19 on children's exposure and acquisition of alcohol-related knowledge.

Methods: In-depth interviews were undertaken with 30 parents and carers of children aged four to 12 years from across Australia.

Validation of the revised Alcohol Expectancy Task [rAET].

Alcohol expectancies are well-established determinants of alcohol consumption. Traditionally, expectancies were assessed using self-report questionnaires. However, researchers have increasingly begun to explore the use of pictographic assessments, for example, the revised Alcohol Expectancy Task [rAET].