Creating Competencies for Providing Care in a Diverse, Equitable, and Inclusive Manner: A Delphi Technique.

Objective: Competencies related to diversity could be essential to training and assessing student pharmacists in their readiness to provide equitable and inclusive care. Such competencies are lacking in pharmacy education; therefore, this study aimed to explore the development of diversity competencies and supporting factors needed to prepare students to meet the competencies and provide patient care in a diverse, equitable, and inclusive manner.

Methods: Pharmacy diversity thought leaders were invited to participate in a 3-round modified Delphi survey.

A discussion of White fragility to facilitate cultural competence development in a foundations of pharmaceutical care class.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to explore pharmacy students' emotional reaction to the concept of White fragility and garner ideas about improving pharmacy curriculum to initiate constructive patient engagement across racial divides.

Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed to 160 first-year pharmacy students after reading the article "White Fragility" for a Foundations of Pharmaceutical Care Course. Class prep questions included (1) How can the college and you improve the capacity and stamina of Whites, so they are prepared to teach and initiate constructive patient engagement across racial divides? and (2) Recognizing that emotions play a critical role in learning, how does the information in the "White Fragility" article make you feel? Responses were analyzed using a constant comparative method by all three authors; discrepancies were resolved by consensus.

The influence of undertreated chronic pain in a national survey: Prescription medication misuse among American indians, Asian Pacific Islanders, Blacks, Hispanics and whites.

Objective: Disparities in the assessment and treatment of chronic pain among racial/ethnic may lead to self-treatment for undertreated pain. This study examines whether pain intensity among US racial/ethnic groups' influences rates of psychotherapeutic prescription drug misuse.

Methods: Data included civilian, non-institutionalized adults (age 18-99 years) residing in the United States (n = 34,653) from Waves 1 and 2 of the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcoholism and Related Conditions (NESARC; 2004-2005).

Identifying Perspectives About Health to Orient Obesity Intervention Among Urban, Transitionally Housed Indigenous Children.

Drawing from a socioecological framework of health, this community-based participatory research study examined key cultural health perspectives of transitionally housed, food insecure Indigenous children (aged 8-12 years) by utilizing talking circles and a 4-day photovoice (PV) curriculum. In total, 18 Indigenous children portrayed their health perceptions by taking photographs of their living environment and categorizing photos as , or . And, 10 of the 18 children completed pre- and post-evaluations, where data elucidated that urban Indigenous children experiencing food and housing insecurity demonstrate unique holistic and socioecological perceptions about health.

Developing a Tribal Health Sovereignty Model for Obesity Prevention.

Background: Few models for effective health interventions exist for stemming the tide of American Indian (AI) childhood obesity rates; they are among the highest in the United States and are increasing. Obesity-related chronic diseases (i.e.

And [They] Even Followed Her Into the Hospital: Primary Care Providers' Attitudes Toward Referral for Traditional Healing Practices and Integrating Care for Indigenous Patients.

Unlabelled: Introduction/Importance: Given the promise of integrating traditional healing practices into primary care, we sought to examine the influence of primary care providers' racial concordance and Indigenous patients' ethnic salience on traditional healing treatment decisions.

Method: Using a descriptive comparative design with an online clinical case vignette, we measured provider decision making via a 5-point Provider Acceptance of Traditional Healing-Referral and Consult questionnaire. Aggregated results of the main effects and interactional effects were analyzed using a 2 × 2 analysis of variance between-subjects design.

Medication management in Minnesota schools: The need for school nurse-pharmacist partnerships.

Background: Pharmacist participation in school medication management (MM) is minimal. School nurses are responsible for increasingly complex medication administration and management in schools.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to 1) assess the MM needs of school nurses in Minnesota, and 2) determine if and how interprofessional partnerships between nurses and pharmacists might optimize MM for students.

Potentially Inappropriate Medication Prescribing in U.S. Older Adults with Selected Chronic Conditions.

Objective: Developing one or more chronic diseases increases with age. Appropriate treatment for chronic conditions often requires multiple medications. The purpose of this study was to examine potentially inappropriate prescriptions in patients 65 years of age or older, seen in a primary care office, with at least one of three chronic conditions (diabetes, arthritis, depression), who were prescribed at least two medications, one of which was inappropriate for the patient's condition.

Adherence to treatment guidelines: the association between stroke risk stratified comparing CHADS and CHADS-VASc score levels and warfarin prescription for adult patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Ischemic stroke is a risk associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and is estimated to occur five times more often in afflicted patients than in those without AF. Anti-thrombotic therapy is recommended for the prevention of ischemic stroke. Risk stratification tools, such as the CHADS, and more recently the CHADS-VASc, for predicting stroke in patients with AF have been developed to determine the level of stroke risk and assist clinicians in the selection of antithrombotic therapy.

Team science as interprofessional collaborative research practice: a systematic review of the science of team science literature.

The National Institute of Health's concept of team science is a means of addressing complex clinical problems by applying conceptual and methodological approaches from multiple disciplines and health professions. The ultimate goal is the improved quality of care of patients with an emphasis on better population health outcomes. Collaborative research practice occurs when researchers from >1 health-related profession engage in scientific inquiry to jointly create and disseminate new knowledge to clinical and research health professionals in order to provide the highest quality of patient care to improve population health outcomes.