COVID-19 Infection among Patients Presenting to a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease-19 infection is caused by the coronavirus and has taken a toll throughout the world. The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of coronavirus disease-19 infection among patients presenting to a tertiary care centre.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the fever clinic of a tertiary care centre between January 2021 to September 2021 after receiving ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (Reference number: 2011202001).

Association Between Vitamin D Deficiency and Recurrent Tonsillitis.

Background: Tonsillitis is defined as an inflammation of the tonsils characterized by signs of tonsillar erythema and exudates and recurrent tonsillitis is at least 7 episodes of acute tonsillitis in a year, or a minimum of 5 episodes in a year for 2 consecutive years, or at least 3 episodes in a year for 3 consecutive years. There are many research that have hypothesized the association of low level of Vitamin D and recurrent attacks of acute tonsillitis.

Methods: A single centre prospective, cross sectional analytical study was conducted from 2021 June to 2022 March in Department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.

Comparison of Clinical and Functional Outcome of Cold Steel Dissection versus Coblation Technique in Tonsillectomy.

Background: To ameliorate the intra and post-op morbidities associated with newer techniques for tonsillectomy like coblation has been introduced in the recent past. This study was aimed to compare the cold steel dissection with the coblation technique with regards to its effectiveness and safety.

Methods: An observational comparative study was carried out in 90 patients undergoing tonsillectomy between July 2018 to December 2019.

Endoscopic Septoturbinoplasty among Patients Undergoing Surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Septoplasty without turbinoplasty is one of the main reasons for failure of procedure in case of deviated nasal septum with inferior turbinate hypertrophy. Septoturbinoplasty is the procedure of choice for complete treatment. The main objective is to find out the prevalence of endoscopic septoturbinoplasty among patients undergoing surgery in Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck of a tertiary care hospital.

Mean Duration for Cessation of Pain following Tonsillectomy Operation among the Patients of Otolaryngology Department in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Tonsillectomy is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by Otolaryngologists world-wide. There are various techniques for tonsillectomy, but none of the techniques has been accepted as the best one universally. Despite the efforts of all the surgeon and use of recent techniques, some post-tonsillectomy morbidity is unavoidable.

Distance of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Relation to Superior Parathyroid Gland During Thyroid Surgery.

Background: In thyroid surgery, it is essential to identify and preserve recurrent laryngeal nerve to avoid injury to the nerve which will lead to nerve paralysis or paresis. The meticulous dissection of recurrent laryngeal nerve is important for careful identification and preservation of the nerve to prevent post operative vocal cord paresis and hoarseness.

Methods: A single centre prospective, cross sectional study was conducted from May 2019 to January 2021 in Department of ENT and Head and Neck surgery in Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital.

Trans-oral Extra Tonsillar Approach of Styloidectomy for Treatment of Eagle's Syndrome among Operated Cases of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Eagle's syndrome is a poorly understood clinical entity that has variable presentations like recurrent throat pain or foreign body sensation, dysphagia, or facial pain. With a confirmed diagnosis, a surgical approach is considered appropriate for its treatment. This study aims to find out the prevalence of trans-oral extra tonsillar approach of styloidectomy among the operated cases of Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at a tertiary care hospital.

Septorhinoplasty among Patients who Visited the Outpatient Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of a Tertiary Care Center: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: The nose is the central most part of the face, so any nasal deformities may cause a high level of psychological distress on one's quality of life. Septorhinoplasty is a surgical procedure used to correct both functional as well as aesthetic problems of the nose. It enhances facial harmony and increases self-confidence.

Anatomical Positions of Superior Parathyroid Gland with regard to the Zuckerkandl Tubercle in Patients Undergoing Thyroidectomy in a Tertiary Care Centre: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Introduction: Zuckerkandl tubercle is a prominent anatomical structure of the thyroid lobe. Identification and preservation of recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands during thyroid surgery can be made easier through assessment of their relationship with the Zuckerkandl tubercle. This study aims to determine the anatomical relationship between Zuckerkandl tubercle and superior parathyroid in patients who underwent thyroidectomy in a tertiary care center.

Left Chronic Otitis Media with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Middle Ear and Postauricular Mastoid Fistula: A Case Report.

Though squamous cell carcinoma is the commonest tumor, it rarely presents in the middle ear and follows a history of chronic ear discharge. Postauricular mastoid fistula is also a rare complication of chronic otitis media. These two pathological changes occurring simultaneously are even rarer.

Diode Laser Reduction of Symptomatic Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy.

Introduction: Inferior turbinate hypertrophy refractory to medical management is one of the commonest problems encountered by ENT surgeons all over the world. Diode Laser turbinate reduction is a safe, minimally invasive, cost-effective procedure that helps in relieving the symptoms associated with it and can be performed on a day care basis under local anesthesia. The objective of this study is to measure the effectiveness of Diode laser in treatment of symptomatic ITH.

Acoustic Analysis of Voice in School Teachers.

Introduction: The term 'voice' is the acoustic energy generated from the vocal tract that are characterized by their dependence on vocal fold vibratory pattern. Teachers as professional voice users are afflicted with dysphonia and are discouraged with their jobs and seek alternative employment. Loud speaking and voice straining may lead to vocal fatigue and vocal fold tissue damage.

Innovative Method of Using Endoscope in Postoperative Canal Wall Down Mastoid Cavity.

Introduction: Poor access to the difficult areas in the middle ear and mastoid cavity is considered as the major reason for failure in mastoid surgery. Wide field visibility, visualization of nooks and corners by an endoscope could contribute to better clinical control of the disease in these patients that cannot be accessed by the operating microscope. The study was done to assess and clean postoperative canal wall down mastoidectomy cavities with endoscope and compare with oto-microscopy.

Effects of Bilateral Nasal Packing on Oxygen Saturation and Blood Pressure.

Introduction: Nasal packing is one of the most common rhinological procedures in ENT practice exerting local in nose and systemic effects. Systemic effects may be due to poor sleep quality, respiratory difficulty, decreased oxygen saturation, circulatory problems and toxic shock syndrome which can threaten the life of a person.The study was done to investigate the effect on bilateral nasal packing on blood oxygen saturation and blood pressure changes.

Agenda setting and framing of gender-based violence in Nepal: how it became a health issue.

Gender-based violence (GBV) has been addressed as a policy issue in Nepal since the mid 1990s, yet it was only in 2010 that Nepal developed a legal and policy framework to combat GBV. This article draws on the concepts of agenda setting and framing to analyse the historical processes by which GBV became legitimized as a health policy issue in Nepal and explored factors that facilitated and constrained the opening and closing of windows of opportunity. The results presented are based on a document analysis of the policy and regulatory framework around GBV in Nepal.