Analysis of eligibility criteria clusters based on large language models for clinical trial design.

Objectives: Clinical trials (CTs) are essential for improving patient care by evaluating new treatments' safety and efficacy. A key component in CT protocols is the study population defined by the eligibility criteria. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of large language models (LLMs) in encoding eligibility criterion information to support CT-protocol design.

Designing structured postgraduate training programs using agile methods.

Postgraduate medical education (PGME) is an essential part of medical education and increasingly shifts into focus of educational stakeholders. Structured postgraduate medical training programs are required in the U.S.

Apollo: A comprehensive GPU-powered within-host simulator for viral evolution and infection dynamics across population, tissue, and cell.

Modern sequencing instruments bring unprecedented opportunity to study within-host viral evolution in conjunction with viral transmissions between hosts. However, no computational simulators are available to assist the characterization of within-host dynamics. This limits our ability to interpret epidemiological predictions incorporating within-host evolution and to validate computational inference tools.

BCAS1-positive oligodendrocytes enable efficient cortical remyelination in multiple sclerosis.

Remyelination is a crucial regenerative process in demyelinating diseases, limiting persisting damage to the central nervous system (CNS). It restores saltatory nerve conduction and ensures trophic support of axons. In multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, remyelination has been observed in both white and grey matter and found to be more efficient in the cortex.

Toward Personalized Care and Patient Empowerment and Perspectives on a Personal Health Record in Hemophilia Care: Qualitative Interview Study.

Background: To enable personalized treatment and shared decision-making in chronic care, relevant health information is collected. However, health information is often fragmented across hospital information systems, digital health apps, and questionnaire portals. This also pertains to hemophilia care, in which scattered information hampers integrated care.

Behavioral activity patterns but not hair cortisol concentrations explain steers' transition-related stress in the first 6 wk in the feedlot.

Stress during the transition of beef steers from ranch to feedlot may depend on steer source and preconditioning. The interplay between physiological and behavioral patterns of preconditioned (PC) and auction-derived (AD) steers, particularly after commingling, is poorly understood. Our objective was to evaluate whether hair cortisol (HC) concentrations were related to the health and performance of PC and AD steers and study behavioral activities after commingling over 6 wk in a feedlot.

Burden of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease: cost-of-illness and quality-of-life estimates through a scoping review.

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive, chronic neurodegenerative disease, representing significant economic and social burdens. It is typically defined by motor symptoms (MSs), however, this does not reflect the full patient burden. Non-motor symptoms (NMSs) are increasingly recognized as central characteristics of PD.

CBCT Evaluation of Root Canal Morphology of Maxillary First Premolar in Saudi Subpopulation.

Background And Objective: Clinicians must possess a comprehensive understanding of variations in canal morphology and configuration during endodontic procedures to enhance treatment success. This study aims to assess and analyze the canal configurations of maxillary first premolars using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography within the sub-population of Western Saudi Arabia.

Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, following the acquisition of ethical clearance from Batterjee Medical College in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, a retrospective examination of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scans of maxillary first premolars in adult patients was conducted.

Herd-level prevalence of bovine leukemia virus, Salmonella Dublin, and Neospora caninum in Alberta, Canada, dairy herds using ELISA on bulk tank milk samples.

Endemic infectious diseases remain a major challenge for dairy producers worldwide. For effective disease control programs, up-to-date prevalence estimates are of utmost importance. The objective of this study was to estimate the herd-level prevalence of bovine leukemia virus (BLV), Salmonella enterica ssp.

Underwhelming pleasures: Toward a self-regulatory account of hedonic compensation and overconsumption.

Hedonic overconsumption (e.g., overconsumption of gratifying behaviors, e.

Genetic polymorphisms and major bleeding risk during vitamin K antagonists treatment: The BLEEDS case-cohort.

Background: Major bleeding occurs annually in 1%-3% of patients on vitamin K antagonists (VKAs), despite close monitoring. Genetic variants in proteins involved in VKA response may affect this risk.

Aim: To determine the association of genetic variants (cytochrome P450 enzymes 2C9 [CYP2C9] and 4F2 [CYP4F2], gamma-glutamyl carboxylase [GGCX]) with major bleeding in VKA users, separately and combined, including vitamin K epoxide reductase complex subunit-1 (VKORC1).

Removing bovine leukemia virus-infected animals with high proviral load leads to lower within-herd prevalence and new case reduction.

Bovine leukosis is prevalent in the North American dairy industry, and its effect on animal health and production is widely documented. However, not all bovine leukemia virus (BLV)-infected animals transmit the virus equally. Animals with high proviral loads (HPL) of BLV are associated with higher transmission risks, and therefore, their removal may reduce transmission and eventually within-herd prevalence.

An immunoinformatics study reveals a new BoLA-DR-restricted CD4+ T cell epitopes on the Gag protein of bovine leukemia virus.

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is the causative agent of enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL), which has been reported worldwide. The expression of viral structural proteins: surface glycoprotein (gp51) and three core proteins - p15 (matrix), p24 (capsid), and p12 (nucleocapsid) induce a strong humoral and cellular immune response at first step of infection. CD4+ T-cell activation is generally induced by bovine leukocyte antigen (BoLA) region- positive antigen-presenting cells (APC) after processing of an exogenous viral antigen.

Effectiveness of TRIzol in Inactivating Animal Pathogens.

Introduction: Safe handling of biological samples sourced from wild ecosystems is a pressing concern for scientists in disparate fields, including ecology and evolution, OneHealth initiatives, bioresources, geography, veterinary medicine, conservation, and many others. This is especially relevant given the growing global research community and collaborative networks that often span international borders. Treatments to inactivate potential pathogens of concern during transportation and analysis of biospecimens while preserving molecular structures of interest are necessary.

Effects of bovine leukemia virus seropositivity and proviral load on milk, fat, and protein production of dairy cows.

The objective was to evaluate the effects of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, as determined by BLV seropositivity and proviral load, on 305-d milk, fat, and protein production of dairy cows. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,712 cows from 9 dairy herds in Alberta, Canada. The BLV status was assessed using an antibody ELISA, whereas BLV proviral load in BLV-seropositive cattle was determined with quantitative PCR.

Patients' and health care providers' perspectives on quality of hemophilia care in the Netherlands: a questionnaire and interview study.

Background: Hemophilia care has improved greatly because of advances in treatment options and comprehensive care. In-depth insight into the perspectives of persons with hemophilia and health care providers on their care may provide targets for further improvements.

Objectives: To assess satisfaction of the hemophilia population with their care, to explore factors determining care satisfaction, and to identify areas for potential health care improvements, including digital health tools.

The effect of cognitive load on preference and intensity processing of sweet taste in the brain.

Distracted eating can cause overconsumption. Whereas previous work has shown that cognitive load suppresses perceived taste intensity and increases subsequent consumption, the mechanism behind distraction-induced overconsumption remains unclear. To elucidate this, we performed two event-related fMRI experiments that examined how cognitive load affects neural responses and perceived intensity and preferred intensity, respectively, to solutions varying in sweetness.

Impacts of commingling preconditioned and auction-derived beef calves on bovine respiratory disease related morbidity, mortality, and weight gain.

Introduction: Stressors predisposing to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) upon arrival in the feedlot, include the ranch to feedlot transition and mixing cattle from multiple sources. Preconditioning (PC) reduces multiple stressors, but commingling PC and auction-derived (AD) calves in a feedlot may increase BRD risk. Our objective was to evaluate PC calf performance over the first 40 days in the feedlot and determine impacts of commingling with varying proportions of AD calves (25, 50, and 75%).

A Single Intranasal Dose of Bacterial Therapeutics to Calves Confers Longitudinal Modulation of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiota: a Pilot Study.

To address the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens in livestock, microbiome-based strategies are increasingly being sought to reduce antimicrobial use. Here, we describe the effects of intranasal application of bacterial therapeutics (BTs) on the bovine respiratory microbiota and used structural equation modeling to investigate the causal networks after BT application. Beef cattle received (i) an intranasal cocktail of previously characterized BT strains, (ii) an injection of metaphylactic antimicrobial (tulathromycin), or (iii) intranasal saline.

Influence of rosuvastatin on apolipoproteins and coagulation factor levels: Results from the STAtin Reduce Thrombophilia trial.

Background: The STAtins Reduce Thrombophilia trial showed that, in patients with prior venous thrombosis, rosuvastatin decreased various coagulation factor levels.

Objectives: Here, we investigated the hypothesis that statins decrease coagulation factor levels through shared mechanisms of synthesis or regulatory pathways with apolipoproteins.

Methods: We measured the levels of apolipoprotein (Apo)A-I, A-II, A-IV, (a), B-100, B-total, C-I, C-II, C-III, and E in patients (n = 126) randomized to 28 days of rosuvastatin use.

Next-generation sequencing approach to investigate genome variability of Parapoxvirus in Canadian muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus).

In 2016, the first orf virus, a double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) virus of the genus parapoxvirus, from a muskox was isolated on Victoria Island, Nunavut (NU), Canada. We used deep sequencing on DNA extracted from orf virus-positive tissues from wild muskoxen from locations on Victoria Island and the adjacent mainland. Orf virus sequence reads derived from four samples were nearly identical.

Association between Genetic Variants and Peripheral Neuropathy in Patients with NSCLC Treated with First-Line Platinum-Based Therapy.

Background: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common, disabling side effect in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients treated with platinum-based therapy. There is increasing evidence for associations between genetic variants and susceptibility to CIPN. The aim of this study was to further explore genetic risk factors for CIPN by investigating previously reported genetic associations.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use and Risk of Major Bleeding during Treatment with Vitamin K Antagonists: Results of A Cohort Study.

Background:  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may increase the risk of major bleeding by decreasing platelet function or decreasing vitamin K antagonist (VKA) metabolism via cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition.

Aims:  To determine whether SSRIs are associated with major bleeding during VKA treatment and investigate the possible mechanisms.

Methods:  In this cohort study, information on SSRI use and bleeding complications was obtained from patient records of VKA initiators between 2006 and 2018 from two anticoagulation clinics.