Therapeutic plasma exchange provides native liver survival benefit in children with acute liver failure: A propensity score-matched analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in pediatric acute liver failure (PALF).

Methods: All children aged 2-18 years with PALF were included. The intervention cohort included a subset of PALF patients undergoing complete three sessions of TPE, whereas the matching controls were derived by propensity score matching from the patient cohort who did not receive any TPE.

A mitochondrial quality control mechanism reverses the phagosome maturation arrest caused by .

Phagosome maturation arrest (PMA) imposed by ( ) is a classic tool that helps evade macrophage anti-bacterial responses. The exclusion of RAB7, a small GTPase, from -phagosomes underscores PMA. Here we report an unexpected mechanism that triggers crosstalk between the mitochondrial quality control (MQC) and the phagosome maturation pathways that reverses the PMA.

Metabolic alterations unravel the maternofetal immune responses with disease severity in pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Pregnancy being an immune compromised state, coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) disease poses high risk of premature delivery and threat to fetus. Plasma metabolome regulates immune cellular responses, therefore we aimed to analyze the change in plasma secretome, metabolome, and immune cells with disease severity in COVID-19 positive pregnant females and their cord blood. COVID-19 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction positive pregnant females (n = 112) with asymptomatic (Asy) (n = 82), mild (n = 21), or moderate (n = 9) disease, healthy pregnant (n = 18), COVID-19 positive nonpregnant females (n = 7) were included.

Validation of dried blood spot for serological diagnosis of Hepatitis B and C: a multicentric study.

The present study aimed to determine diagnostic performance of dried blood spot (DBS) for the detection of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis C virus antibodies (anti-HCV) using CLIA at 3 different laboratories across India. DBS can serve as a simple and convenient alternative to plasma/serum for HBsAg detection. However for anti-HCV, site-specific validation of the assay is warranted.

Performance evaluation of NeuMoDx 96 system for hepatitis B and C viral load.

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral load (VL) estimation is essential for the management of both HBV and HCV infections. Due to a longer turnaround time for VL estimation, many patients drop out from the cascade of care. To achieve the global goals of reducing morbidity and mortality due to HBV/HCV and moving towards their elimination by 2030, molecular diagnostic platforms with faster and random ( single sample) access are needed.

Large volume plasmapheresis using a single-use immunoadsorption column: A cost-effective approach for desensitization in ABO-incompatible liver transplant.

Introduction: Liver transplant is a life-saving treatment, but due to the limited availability of suitable liver donors, ABO-incompatible liver transplants (ABOi-LT) are conducted to increase the availability of liver donors. Perioperative desensitization for ABOi-LT is an established strategy to circumvent the risk of graft rejection. A single prolonged session can be performed to achieve the desired titers to avoid using multiple immunoadsorption (IA) columns or off-label reuse of single-use columns.

Delayed adverse reactions in whole blood donors: Importance of active surveillance in identifying the missing gaps in the donor safety.

Background & Objectives: The information available regarding delayed adverse donor reactions (D-ADRs) is limited. Proactive follow up of donors for delayed reactions is not done routinely. This study was undertaken to analyze frequency and type of D-ADRs in whole blood donors as also the contributory factors.

Immune predictors of hepatitis B surface antigen seroconversion in patients with hepatitis B reactivation.

Background: Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) seroconversion is sometimes observed in hepatitis B reactivation (rHBV), probably due to immune resetting and differentiation.

Aims: To investigate sequential immune differentiation and abrogation of tolerance in patients with rHBV who achieved HBsAg seroconversion.

Methods: We included 19 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHBV; HBV DNA log10 ), 67 with rHBV (raised ALT [>5XULN], HBV DNAlog10 ) and 10 healthy controls.

Comparison of safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma with fresh frozen plasma in severe covid-19 patients.

Background: Role of Convalescent plasma (COPLA) to treat severe COVID-19 is under investigation. We compared efficacy and safety of COPLA with fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in severe COVID-19 patients.

Methods: One group received COPLA with standard medical care (n = 14), and another group received random donor FFP, as control with standard medical care (n = 15) in severe COVID-19 disease.

An Exploratory Study of the Differences in Attitudes and Motives Regarding COVID-19 Plasma Donation.

Background: Understanding the attitude and motives and differences between voluntary and replacement blood donation is the key to the sustainable availability of this precious resource. This study aimed to assess the attitude and motives for convalescent plasma (CP) donation in the recovered COVID-19 plasma donors and further understand the differences between voluntary and replacement donation.

Materials And Methods: This prospective cross-sectional survey-based study was conducted among500 COVID-19 recovered blood donors who visited for CP donation at a tertiary care super-speciality centre in northern India.

Rotational thromboelastometry-guided blood component use in cirrhotic children undergoing invasive procedures: Randomized controlled trial.

Background & Aims: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted with the aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using ROTEM-based transfusion strategy in cirrhotic children undergoing invasive procedures.

Methods: This was an open-label, RCT which included (i) children under 18 years of age with liver cirrhosis; (ii) INR between 1.5 and 2.

Secretome of senescent hepatoma cells modulate immune cell fate by macrophage polarization and neutrophil extracellular traps formation.

Presence of dysfunctional senescent hepatocytes is a hallmark feature of liver cirrhosis which finally culminates in liver cancer. We now report the presence of senescent hepatocytes (p21 and p53 positive) in the vicinity of infiltrated immune cells in hepatocellular carcinoma tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry. Hence, we evaluated in vitro, the relevance of senescent hepatoma cells in altering the fate of monocytes and neutrophils by assaying for macrophage polarization and extracellular trap (NETs) formation, respectively.

Efficacy of convalescent plasma therapy in the patient with COVID-19: a randomised control trial (COPLA-II trial).

Importance: No proven treatment is available for severely ill COVID-19. Therapeutic use of COVID-19 convalescent plasma (COPLA) is under investigation.

Objective: To compare the efficacy of COPLA with standard medical therapy (SMT) alone in severe COVID-19 patients.

Vaccine Breakthrough Infections by SARS-CoV-2 Variants after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers.

This study elucidated the clinical, humoral immune response and genomic analysis of vaccine breakthrough (VBT) infections after ChAdOx1 nCoV-19/Covishield vaccine in healthcare workers (HCWs). Amongst 1858 HCWs, 1639 had received either two doses (1346) or a single dose (293) of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies were measured in the vaccinated group and the development of SARS-CoV-2 infection was monitored.

SARS-Coronavirus-2 seroprevalence in asymptomatic healthy blood donors: Indicator of community spread.

Background: The Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS -Corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major concern the world over. Serological surveillance is an important tool to assess the spread of infection in the community. This study attempted to assess the prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in Delhi, India during the pre-vaccination period.

Higher circulating natural killer cells and lower lactate levels at admission predict spontaneous survival in non-acetaminophen induced acute liver failure.

Massive cellular necrosis in acute liver failure (ALF) is dominantly immune mediated and innate immune cells are major pathophysiological determinants in liver damage. In fifty ALF and fifteen healthy, immune cells phenotyping by flow-cytometry, DAMPs using ELISA were analysed and correlated with clinical and biochemical parameters. ALF patients (aged 27 ± 9 yr, 56% males, 78% viral aetiology) showed no difference in neutrophils and classical monocytes, but significantly increased intermediate monocytes (CD14CD16) (p < 0.

Sustained expression of inflammatory monocytes and activated T cells in COVID-19 patients and recovered convalescent plasma donors.

Introduction: Intense monocyte activation and infiltration into the target tissues are the main mechanisms of lung injury in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. A reduction in the degree and nature of such cellular responses is expected following recovery. We aimed to investigate the immune responses in moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients and recovered patients.

Impact of human leukocyte antigen compatibility on outcomes of living donor liver transplantation: Experience from a tertiary care center.

Introduction: The role of HLA compatibility in kidney, heart, and stem cell transplantation is well known, but with regard to living donor liver transplantation (LDLT), there is a different scenario. In the present study, we aim to examine the effects of donor-recipient HLA mismatches at A, B, and DR loci on various outcomes of LDLT-like graft survival, early allograft dysfunction (EAD), acute rejection, length of hospital (LOH) stay, sepsis, and cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation.

Methods: This is a retrospective single center study of a cohort of adult patients who underwent first time ABO-compatible (ABOc) LDLT between January 2010 and December 2018.

Elevated plasma ICAM1 levels predict 28-day mortality in cirrhotic patients with COVID-19 or bacterial sepsis.

Background & Aims: Endothelial injury and dysfunction play a detrimental role in the pathogenesis of infections. Endothelium-related molecules have been reported as potential diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers of infection. The prognostic value of these biomarkers in patients with cirrhosis and infections remains elusive.

The impact of delayed and immediate adverse events on the intention of future donations in whole blood and plateletpheresis donors.

Background: Adverse donor events (ADEs) are usually mild and short-term with no sequelae, but may cause disinclination toward future donations.

Aims: To determine the impact of delayed ADEs (D-ADEs) in addition to immediate ADEs (I-ADEs) on the intention of future donations (IFDs) and to analyze the various associated factors.

Methods: ADEs were categorized following the ISBT working group on donor vigilance.