Viva voce using Objective, Integrated, Clustered Examination Software (VOICES) app: study for formative assessment of medical undergraduate students in physiology.

The significance of assessment in driving learning is undeniable, particularly in oral assessments like viva voce where students express themselves verbally. However, traditional viva voce examinations' challenges include reliability, objectivity, content validity, time constraints, varying question difficulty levels, inconsistency in questioning among students, the influence of the "halo" effect, and issues with the test environment. Thus the study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Objective, Integrated, Clustered Examination Software (VOICES) compared to traditional viva voce methods.

Cognitive correlates of circadian rhythm and sleep-wake behaviour in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients often experience reduced physical activity, sleep disturbances, and cognitive impairment. However, reports on measurement of rest-activity rhythm and sleep-wake behavior and their impact on cognitive functions in COPD patients are limited. This study aimed to objectively measure circadian rhythms (rest-activity and ambient illuminance) and sleep behaviors in clinically stable COPD patients and their relationship with cognitive functions.

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Shift Workers and Its Effect on Peripheral Nerve Conduction: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) presents as a multisystem disorder, heightening the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Occupation emerges as a significant factor influencing the occurrence of NAFLD. Research indicates that individuals engaged in shift work face an elevated risk of NAFLD, alongside obesity and T2DM, attributed to disruptions in their circadian rhythm, which precipitate hepatic steatosis and inflammation.

Neurocognitive Changes in Sickle Cell Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a type of hemoglobinopathy characterized by abnormal hemoglobin molecules, which includes numerous acute and chronic complications. Ischemic stroke, silent cerebral infarction, headache, and neurocognitive impairment are the most common neurological complications associated with SCD.

Summary: Acute anemia because of SCD can cause cognitive impairments because of cerebral hypoxia.

EEG-ERP Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome.

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been shown to affect the psychological and cognitive status of a woman. However, amidst various conflicting reports in this regard, very few studies attempted to assess these aspects objectively using electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potential (ERP).

Purpose: To assess changes in neurocognitive and psychological parameters of PCOS women without any other comorbidities.

Assessment of visual and auditory evoked potentials in young obese males.

Background: Obesity is a chronic condition, affecting central and peripheral nervous system. Studies on cranial nerve conduction in obesity are scarce and unclear; therefore, we planned this study. The aim of this study was to evaluate optic and auditory nerve conductions in obesity.

Common, But Neglected: A Comprehensive Review of Leg Ulcers in Sickle Cell Disease.

Objective: To compile available evidence to better understand the management of leg ulcers in sickle cell disease (SCD), as well as describe potential therapeutic steps that may be required to improve the quality of life of patients with SCD leg ulcers.

Data Sources: MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases.

Study Selection: A comprehensive search was conducted to retrieve relevant studies using the keywords "sickle cell disease and leg ulcer," "ulcer treatments, diagnosis and sickle cell," and "wound sickle cell.

Circadian rhythmicity of heart rate variability and its impact on cardiac autonomic modulation in asthma.

The commonly observed nocturnal attack of asthma is accompanied by circadian variations in airway inflammation and other physiological variables. It is also documented to present with a significantly higher risk of adverse cardiovascular events that are associated with lower heart rate variability (HRV) and depressed sympathetic and enhanced parasympathetic modulations. However, available literature is scarce with regard to the impact of alteration in circadian rhythmicity of long-term HRV and its day-night variation in asthmatic patients.

Impact of Altered Breathing Patterns on Interaction of EEG and Heart Rate Variability.

Background: Altered pattern of respiration has been shown to affect both the cardiac as well as cortical activity, which is the basis of central-autonomic dual interaction concept. On the other hand, effect of this association between altered breathing with slow cortical activity, that is, electroencephalography (EEG) theta waves (associated with learning and relaxed alertness) on the cardiac autonomic balance is largely unclear.

Objective: The study aims to understand this interaction in response to altered respiratory patterns, for example, voluntary apnea, bradypnea, and tachypnea in terms of EEG and heart rate variability (HRV) correlates in normal healthy subjects.

Association of mid sleep time and social jetlag with psychosocial behaviour of Indian population during COVID-19 lockdown.

India, being the third worst affected country from COVID-19 pandemic at the time of study, faced complete lockdown to minimize community transmission that confined people to social isolation for extended durations. Therefore, we conducted an online questionnaire-based survey for the Indian population after 37 days of complete lockdown to assess the integrative effects of such home restriction and social isolation on mid-sleep time, social jetlag, and their associated psychosocial behavior. From the reports of sleep onset and waking-up times before and during lockdown as obtained from a total of 1511 respondents of ≥18 years, midsleep time (MST) and social jetlag (SJL) were calculated.

Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on sleep-wake schedule and associated lifestyle related behavior: A national survey.

Lockdowns to prevent the community transmission of COVID-19 pandemic has confined the people at home and imposed social restrictions, which is expected to cause alterations in circadian driven sleep-wake schedule and its associated lifestyle behaviors. An online questionnaire-based survey was conducted to assess the impact of lockdown on the sleepwake pattern, meal timings and digital media exposure time on the Indian population during lockdown. Responses of 1511 participants (age ≥18 years) were analyzed to assess the effect of gender and age on these parameters before and during lockdown.

Neuro-Cognitive Profile of Morning and Evening Chronotypes at Different Times of Day.

Background: Chronotype is the circadian time preference for sleep-wake timings. However, its impact on cognitive performance is least explored.

Objective: The present study investigated the effect of chronotype (morning "M" vs.

Assessment of pulmonary function in local healthy Nepalese men of Dharan and it's anthropometric correlation.

Healthy non smoking male subjects (n = 150) aged 18-40 years were subjected to pulmonary function testing to establish linear multiple regression model. Pulmonary parameters were considered as independent variables and physical parameters (age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) and anthropometric parameters (skin fold thickness (SFT), mid arm circumference and abdominal girth) were taken as dependent variables. This study was undertaken to determine correlation coefficients between dependent variables and different pulmonary independent variables and to derive regression equations or prediction formulae in order to find out the expected normal values for the different lung function tests in a given individual.