Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Evidence from multiple converging sources has demonstrated the clear benefits of physical activity in promoting mental health and improving cognitive function. However, more than 54% of Indians do not engage in the recommended amount of physical activity. The present study aims to explore the association of physical activity with cognitive abilities among the elderly aging population in an urban Indian setting.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Frailty, synonymous with physical vulnerability and decline, may exert nuanced effects on cognitive functions.(Borges, Canevelli, Cesari, & Aprahamian, 2019) This study assesses possible association between frailty and cognitive performance with the aim of identifying vulnerable cognitive domains.

Method: We analysed the baseline data from Tata Longitudinal Study of Ageing (TLSA)(Sundarakumar et al.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: In the early stages of typical Alzheimer's disease, there is a well-documented pattern of memory deficits, especially episodic memory, substantiated with evidence of medial temporal lobe atrophy, specifically of the hippocampus in line with the memory deficits. Studies have shown that several other demographic, biological, and lifestyle factors influence memory and there is a need for identifying early risk factors and for the development of clinical intervention programs to delay or prevent cognitive decline. Therefore, the objective of this study is to explore the impact of various factors on episodic memory decline in an urban cohort.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Dementia, a global health challenge, drives the need for comprehensive understanding. Longitudinal cohort studies are vital, yet maintaining follow-up in dementia cohorts poses challenges. This study explores challenges in follow-up, refines protocols, and develops strategies that can elevate dementia research quality.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Refractive errors are common visual comorbidities among the elderly. Cognitive dysfunction also occurs in this population. A study by Ong et al (2013) demonstrated an association of refractive errors with poor cognitive performance.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Cognitive control deficits can be early indicators of cognitive decline in individuals. Studies have found a bilingual advantage in cognitive control, however, there is little research on the Indian population, particularly those residing in rural areas. We aimed to investigate how cognitive control is influenced by the number of languages known to individuals among the aging population in both urban and rural settings in South India.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Visuo-cognitive skills represent a network of different abilities that rely on vision and cognition. While visuo-cognitive abilities have been considered prominent indicators of dementia, there is a dearth of studies that profile these abilities with demographic correlates in an aging Indian population. Investigating the pattern of visuo-cognitive abilities is essential to facilitate early indication, better prognosis and treatment of symptoms.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) are the non-invasive tests to measure the lung function. Relationship between pulmonary function and cognition is an emerging area of research, understanding this is crucial for prevention and management of dementia. Hence this study aims to investigate the association between pulmonary function and cognition.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Auditory attention and memory are the understudied aspects of cognition. Poor performance on cognitive tasks is assumed to be due to peripheral hearing loss, which is not always the case. Auditory processing issues may affect the auditory recall and attention tasks even though the hearing and cognition are normal.

Self-Esteem Moderates the Relationship Between Secure Attachment and Internalizing and Externalizing Problems in Preadolescence.

This longitudinal study examined the interactive effects of secure attachment and self-esteem on change in internalizing and externalizing problems in a sample of preadolescents. 407 youth ( = 11.1 years) completed measures of self-esteem, secure attachment style, and peer nomination inventories tapping internalizing and externalizing problems at the beginning of the fourth and fifth grades.

Narcissism and adjustment in preadolescence.

Narcissism-a strong need to be admired for a grandiose self-is a problematic personality trait for children as well as adults. This study of 236 preadolescents (M age = 11.3 years; 129 girls, 107 boys) evaluated 2 intrapersonal (cognitive) pathways by which narcissism might contribute to maladjustment.

Does felt gender compatibility mediate influences of self-perceived gender nonconformity on early adolescents' psychosocial adjustment?

This study evaluated the hypothesis that self-perceived gender nonconformity is distressing to children because it undermines a confident sense of gender compatibility. Participants were 357 early adolescents (180 boys, M age = 12.68 years) in England who responded to questionnaires measuring friendship styles (preoccupied, avoidant), gender compatibility (typicality, contentedness), and adjustment (self-esteem, peer social competence, depression, narcissism).

The intrapsychics of gender: a model of self-socialization.

This article outlines a model of the structure and the dynamics of gender cognition in childhood. The model incorporates 3 hypotheses featured in different contemporary theories of childhood gender cognition and unites them under a single theoretical framework. Adapted from Greenwald et al.

The developmental costs of high self-esteem for antisocial children.

Two hypotheses--high self-esteem leads children to act on antisocial cognitions (disposition-activating hypothesis) and high self-esteem leads children to rationalize antisocial conduct (disposition-rationalizing hypothesis)--were investigated in two longitudinal studies. In Study 1 (N= 189; mean age = 11.1 years), antisocial behavior was aggression; in Study 2 (N= 407; mean age = 10.