Durable Immune Response and Long-term Efficacy of COVID-19 Vaccination in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may have diminished serologic response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination and increased risk for subsequent severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. We sought to describe outcomes among those who developed SARS-CoV-2 infection following vaccination, characterize SARS-CoV-2 antibodies 1 year post-vaccination, and identify factors associated with durable serologic response.

Methods: We recruited children with IBD who received ≥2 doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and prospectively collected data on (1) demographics, IBD characteristics, and therapy and (2) SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, testing, and infection symptoms.

Long-Term Effectiveness and Durability of COVID-19 Vaccination Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background And Aims: COVID-19 vaccination prevents severe disease in most patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but immunosuppressive medications can blunt serologic response. We followed adults with IBD for >1 year post-COVID-19 vaccination to describe factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination, evaluate for a protective SARS-CoV-2 antibody level, characterize SARS-CoV-2 antibody persistence, and identify factors associated with humoral immune response durability.

Methods: Using a prospective cohort of COVID-19 immunized adults with IBD, we analyzed factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination.

Humoral immune response and safety of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in very early onset inflammatory bowel disease.

Children with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEO-IBD) may respond differently to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) immunization compared to healthy children or other patients with IBD. We recruited children with VEO-IBD <6 years of age and younger following receipt of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine. Demographics, IBD characteristics, medication use, adverse events (AEs) and IBD exacerbations were collected.

Pediatric Cholelithiasis in the United States: National Hospitalization Trends, 2006 to 2019.

Objectives: Previous studies have shown increasing hospitalizations for pediatric cholelithiasis, but recent trends are unknown. We conducted a national study of pediatric cholelithiasis to characterize recent hospitalization rate trends.

Methods: Retrospective repeated cross-sectional analysis of pediatric (age < 18 years) cholelithiasis-associated hospitalizations combining data from the 2006 through 2019 Kids' Inpatient Database releases.

Isolation of Epithelial and Stromal Cells from Colon Tissues in Homeostasis and Under Inflammatory Conditions.

Inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract is a prevalent pathology in diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Currently, there are no therapies to prevent IBD, and available therapies to treat IBD are often sub-optimal. Thus, an unmet need exists to better understand the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal tissue responses to damage and regeneration.

The enteric nervous system relays psychological stress to intestinal inflammation.

Mental health profoundly impacts inflammatory responses in the body. This is particularly apparent in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), in which psychological stress is associated with exacerbated disease flares. Here, we discover a critical role for the enteric nervous system (ENS) in mediating the aggravating effect of chronic stress on intestinal inflammation.

Humoral Immune Response and Safety of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Introduction: Children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may respond differently to COVID-19 immunization as compared with healthy children or adults with IBD. Those younger than 12 years receive a lower vaccine dose than adults. We sought to describe the safety and humoral immune response to COVID-19 vaccine in children with IBD.

The miR-181 family regulates colonic inflammation through its activity in the intestinal epithelium.

The intestinal epithelium is a key physical interface that integrates dietary and microbial signals to regulate nutrient uptake and mucosal immune cell function. The transcriptional programs that regulate intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) quiescence, proliferation, and differentiation have been well characterized. However, how gene expression networks critical for IECs are posttranscriptionally regulated during homeostasis or inflammatory disease remains poorly understood.

Variation in Stakeholder Preferences for Implementing Evidence-Based Practices in Behavioral Health Care.

Objective: The authors examined whether stakeholders in behavioral health care differ in their preferences for strategies that support the implementation of evidence-based practices (EBPs).

Methods: Using data collected in March and April 2019 in a survey of stakeholders in Philadelphia Medicaid’s behavioral health care system, the authors compared empirical Bayes preference weights for implementation strategies across clinicians, supervisors, agency executives, and payers.

Results: Preferences for implementation strategies overlapped among the stakeholders (N=357 survey respondents).

Factors Affecting Initial Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Among Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

Introduction: Although an additional coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine dose for immunocompromised persons has been recommended in some countries, further data to guide vaccination strategies for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are urgently needed. We sought to identify factors affecting initial humoral immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines among patients with IBD.

Methods: In this prospective cohort of SARS-CoV-2 immunized patients with IBD, we evaluated associations between participant age, sex, vaccine type, medication use, and the presence of a detectable antireceptor binding domain antibody and quantitative antibody level.

Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination on Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity and Development of Vaccine-Related Adverse Events: Results From PREVENT-COVID.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 vaccination is recommended for all individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including those on immunosuppressive therapies; however, little is known about vaccine safety and efficacy in these patients or the impact of vaccination on IBD disease course.

Methods: We evaluated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-related adverse events (AEs) and the effect of vaccination on IBD disease course among participants in the PREVENT-COVID (Partnership to Report Effectiveness of Vaccination in populations Excluded from iNitial Trials of COVID) study, a prospective, observational cohort study. Localized and systemic reactions were assessed via questionnaire.

Randomized Controlled-Feeding Study of Dietary Emulsifier Carboxymethylcellulose Reveals Detrimental Impacts on the Gut Microbiota and Metabolome.

Background & Aims: Epidemiologic and murine studies suggest that dietary emulsifiers promote development of diseases associated with microbiota dysbiosis. Although the detrimental impact of these compounds on the intestinal microbiota and intestinal health have been demonstrated in animal and in vitro models, impact of these food additives in healthy humans remains poorly characterized.

Methods: To examine this notion in humans, we performed a double-blind controlled-feeding study of the ubiquitous synthetic emulsifier carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) in which healthy adults consumed only emulsifier-free diets (n = 9) or an identical diet enriched with 15 g per day of CMC (n = 7) for 11 days.

Women's Willingness to Accept Risks of Medication for Inflammatory Bowel Disease During Pregnancy.

Background: Women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) face difficult decisions regarding treatment during pregnancy: while the majority of IBD medications are safe, there is substantial societal pressure to avoid exposures during pregnancy. However, discontinuation of IBD medications risks a disease flare occurring during pregnancy.

Objective: This study quantified women's knowledge about pregnancy and IBD and their willingness to accept the risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes to avoid disease activity or medication use during pregnancy.

Optimal Placement of Colectomy in the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: a Markov Model Analysis.

Background: Treatment for moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) includes medical therapies such as immunosuppressive agents or surgical options such as colectomy. While prior studies have indicated a mortality benefit with elective surgery, the timing and effectiveness of colectomy in the UC treatment algorithm have not been assessed. We hypothesize that the ideal placement of colectomy occurs prior to the exhaustion of all medical therapies.

The Development and Initial Findings of A Study of a Prospective Adult Research Cohort with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (SPARC IBD).

Background: Clinical and molecular subcategories of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are needed to discover mechanisms of disease and predictors of response and disease relapse. We aimed to develop a study of a prospective adult research cohort with IBD (SPARC IBD) including longitudinal clinical and patient-reported data and biosamples.

Methods: We established a cohort of adults with IBD from a geographically diverse sample of patients across the United States with standardized data and biosample collection methods and sample processing techniques.

A Randomized Trial Comparing the Specific Carbohydrate Diet to a Mediterranean Diet in Adults With Crohn's Disease.

Background & Aims: This study compared the effectiveness of the Specific Carbohydrate Diet (SCD) to the Mediterranean diet (MD) as treatment for Crohn's disease (CD) with mild to moderate symptoms.

Methods: Adult patients with CD and with mild-to-moderate symptoms were randomly assigned 1:1 to consume the MD or SCD for 12 weeks. For the first 6 weeks, participants received prepared meals and snacks according to their assigned diet.

COVID-19 Vaccine Perceptions Among Patients With Chronic Disease in a Large Gastroenterology and Hepatology Practice.

Introduction: To assess beliefs about safety, effectiveness, and delivery of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine among chronic Gastroenterology and Hepatology patients at an academic health system.

Methods: We asked about vaccine beliefs, vaccine concerns, and preferred location to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.

Results: A total of 1,215 patients responded (response rate: 37%).

Community stakeholder preferences for evidence-based practice implementation strategies in behavioral health: a best-worst scaling choice experiment.

Background: Community behavioral health clinicians, supervisors, and administrators play an essential role in implementing new psychosocial evidence-based practices (EBP) for patients receiving psychiatric care; however, little is known about these stakeholders' values and preferences for implementation strategies that support EBP use, nor how best to elicit, quantify, or segment their preferences. This study sought to quantify these stakeholders' preferences for implementation strategies and to identify segments of stakeholders with distinct preferences using a rigorous choice experiment method called best-worst scaling.

Methods: A total of 240 clinicians, 74 clinical supervisors, and 29 administrators employed within clinics delivering publicly-funded behavioral health services in a large metropolitan behavioral health system participated in a best-worst scaling choice experiment.